One-dimensional systems exhibiting a continuous symmetry can host quantum
phases of matter with true long-range order only in the presence of
sufficiently long-range interactions. In most physical systems, however, the
interactions are short-ranged, hindering the emergence of such phases in one
dimension. Here we use a one-dimensional trapped-ion quantum simulator to
prepare states with long-range spin order that extends over the system size of
up to 23 spins and is characteristic of the continuous symmetry-breaking
phase of matter. Our preparation relies on simultaneous control over an array
of tightly focused individual-addressing laser beams, generating long-range
spin-spin interactions. We also observe a disordered phase with frustrated
correlations. We further study the phases at different ranges of interaction
and the out-of-equilibrium response to symmetry-breaking perturbations. This
work opens an avenue to study new quantum phases and out-of-equilibrium
dynamics in low-dimensional systems