The Association between High Mobility Group Box 1 and Stroke-Associated Pneumonia in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between high-mobility-group box 1 (HMGB1) and stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients. Methods: AIS patients were enrolled in two centers. The serum samples were collected within the first 24 h after admission, and HMGB1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of SAP for HMGB1 concentrations. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were performed to explore the shapes of the association between HMGB1 concentrations and SAP. Results: From January 2022 to May 2022, a total of 420 AIS patients were enrolled. Ninety-six (22.9%) patients develop SAP. The levels of HMGB1 in the SAP group were higher than those in the non-SAP group (p < 0.001). Using the first quartile of HMGB1 group as a reference, patients in the fourth quartile of HMGB1 group had the highest likelihood of experiencing SAP in the unadjusted model (OR = 3.687; 95% CI: 1.851–7.344), age- and sex-adjusted model (OR = 3.511; 95% CI: 1.725–7.147), and multivariable-adjusted model (OR = 2.701; 95% CI: 1.045–6.981). HMGB1 was also independently associated with SAP as a continuous variable in the unadjusted model (OR = 1.132; 95% CI: 1.069–1.199), age- and sex-adjusted model (OR = 1.131; 95% CI: 1.066–1.200), and multivariable-adjusted model (OR = 1.096; 95% CI: 1.011–1.188). RCS showed a linear association between HMGB1 and SAP (p for linear trend = 0.008) Conclusions: HMGB1 might be able to act as a potential biomarker of SAP in AIS patients

Synthesis and characterization of stable ruthenabenzenes starting from HCCCH(OH)CCH

Treatment of RuCl2(PPh3)(3) with HCCCH(OH)CCH/PPh3 at room temperature produces the air-stable ruthenabenzene [Ru(CHC(PPh3)CHC(PPh3)CH)Cl-2(PPh3)(2)]Cl (2) in good yield. The ruthenabenzene 2 can even be obtained from the one-pot reaction of RuCl3, PPh3, and HCCCH(OH)CCH in the mixed solvent of ionic liquid and CH2Cl2 in higher yield. The ruthenabenzene 2 reacts with PMe3, PBu3, tert-butyl isocyanide, 2,2'-dipyridyl (bipy), and 2,2'-dipyridyl/PMe3 to give new stable ruthenabenzenes [Ru(CHC(PPh3)CHC(PPh3)CH)Cl-2(PMe3)(2)]Cl (4), [Ru(CHC(PPh3)CHC(PPh3)CH)Cl-2(PBu3)(2)]Cl (5), [Ru(CHC(PPh3)CHC(PPh3)CH)Cl((BuNC)-Bu-t)(PPh3)(2)]Cl-2 (6), [Ru(CHC(PPh3)CHC(PPh3)CH)Cl(bipy)(PPh3)]Cl-2 (7), and [Ru(CHC(PPh3)CHC(PPh3)CH)(bipy)(PMe3)(2)]Cl-3 (8), respectively. Reaction of ruthenabenzene 2 with AgBF4 gives bisruthenabenzene [Ru(CHC(PPh3)CHC(PPh3)CH)(PPh3)](2)(mu-Cl)(3)(BF4)(3) (9). The thermal decomposition reactions of ruthenabenzene 2 and 7 produce a stable Cp- ion derivative, [CHC(PPh3)CHC(PPh3)CH]Cl (10). 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, and 10 have been structurally characterized. 9 is the first non-metal-coordinated bismetallabenzene. An electrochemical study shows that the metal centers in the bisruthenabenzene 9 slightly interact with each other through the chloro bridges

Erratum to: Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition) (Autophagy, 12, 1, 1-222, 10.1080/15548627.2015.1100356

non present