Constraints to the magnetospheric properties of T Tauri stars - II. The Mg II ultraviolet feature

The atmospheric structure of T Tauri Stars (TTSs) and its connection with the large scale outflow is poorly known. Neither the effect of the magnetically mediated inter- action between the star and the disc in the stellar atmosphere is well understood. The Mg II multiplet is a fundamental tracer of TTSs atmospheres and outflows, and is the strongest feature in the near-ultraviolet spectrum of TTSs. The International Ultraviolet Explorer and Hubble Space Telescope data archives provide a unique set to study the main physical compounds contributing to the line profile and to derive the properties of the line formation region. The Mg II profiles of 44 TTSs with resolution 13,000 to 30,000 are available in these archives. In this work, we use this data set to measure the main observables: flux, broadening, asymmetry, terminal velocity of the outflow, and the velocity of the Discrete Absorption Components. For some few sources repeated observations are available and variability has been studied. There is a warm wind that at sub-AU scales absorbs the blue wing of the Mg II profiles. The main result found in this work is the correlation between the line broadening, Mg II flux, terminal velocity of the flow and accretion rate. Both outflow and magnetospheric plasma contribute to the Mg II flux. The flux-flux correlation between Mg II and C IV or He II is confirmed; however, no correlation is found between the Mg II flux and the ultraviolet continuum or the H2 emission.Comment: 21 pages, 20 figure

Ambipolar Filamentation of Turbulent Magnetic Fields : A numerical simulation

We present the results of a 2-D, two fluid (ions and neutrals) simulation of the ambipolar filamentation process, in which a magnetized, weakly ionized plasma is stirred by turbulence in the ambipolar frequency range. The higher turbulent velocity of the neutrals in the most ionized regions gives rise to a non-linear force driving them out of these regions, so that the initial ionization inhomogeneities are strongly amplified. This effect, the ambipolar filamentation, causes the ions and the magnetic flux to condense and separate from the neutrals, resulting in a filamentary structure.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in A&

Variation of the ultraviolet extinction law across the Taurus-Auriga star forming complex. A GALEX based study

The Taurus-Auriga molecular complex (TMC) is the main laboratory for the study of low mass star formation. The density and properties of interstellar dust are expected to vary across the TMC. These variations trace important processes such as dust nucleation or the magnetic field coupling with the cloud. In this article, we show how the combination of near ultraviolet (NUV) and infrared (IR) photometry can be used to derive the strength of the 2175 \AA\ bump and thus any enhancement in the abundance of small dust grains and PAHs in the dust grains size distribution. This technique is applied to the envelope of the TMC, mapped by the GALEX All Sky Survey (AIS). UV and IR photometric data have been retrieved from the GALEX-AIS and the 2MASS catalogues. NUV and K-band star counts have been used to identify the areas in the cloud envelope where the 2175 \AA\ bump is weaker than in the diffuse ISM namely, the low column density extensions of L1495, L1498 and L1524 in Taurus, L1545, L1548, L1519, L1513 in Auriga and L1482-83 in the California region. This finding agrees with previous results on dust evolution derived from Spitzer data and suggests that dust grains begin to decouple from the environmental galactic magnetic field already in the envelope.Comment: Accepted in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Societ

X-ray emission from stellar jets by collision against high-density molecular clouds: an application to HH 248

We investigate the plausibility of detecting X-ray emission from a stellar jet that impacts against a dense molecular cloud. This scenario may be usual for classical T Tauri stars with jets in dense star-forming complexes. We first model the impact of a jet against a dense cloud by 2D axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations, exploring different configurations of the ambient environment. Then, we compare our results with XMM-Newton observations of the Herbig-Haro object HH 248, where extended X-ray emission aligned with the optical knots is detected at the edge of the nearby IC 434 cloud. Our simulations show that a jet can produce plasma with temperatures up to 10 MK, consistent with production of X-ray emission, after impacting a dense cloud. We find that jets denser than the ambient medium but less dense than the cloud produce detectable X-ray emission only at the impact onto the cloud. From the exploration of the model parameter space, we constrain the physical conditions (jet density and velocity, cloud density) that reproduce well the intrinsic luminosity and emission measure of the X-ray source possibly associated with HH 248. Thus, we suggest that the extended X-ray source close to HH 248 corresponds to the jet impacting on a dense cloud.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. (12 pages, 12 figures

Doença de Chagas: Contribuições do Centro de Investigações Toxicológicas

La quimioterapia de la enfermedad de Chagas cuenta en la actualidad con el empleo de dos fármacos solamente: Nifurtimox y Benznidazol. Nifurtimox es un nitrofurano y Benznidazol es un compuesto nitroimidazólico. El uso de estas drogas para tratar la fase aguda de la enfermedad se acepta ampliamente. Sin embargo, su utilización en el tratamiento de la fase crónica no está exenta de cuestionamientos serios. Los efectos colaterales de ambas son un inconveniente mayor en su uso, y frecuentemente fuerza a los médicos a detener el tratamiento. Los estudios de toxicidad experimentales con Nifurtimox evidenciaron neurotoxicidad, daño testicular, toxicidad ovárica y efectos deletéreos en corazón, tejido mamario, adrenales, colon y esófago. Para el Benznidazol, se observaron efectos deletéreos en adrenales, colon y esófago. También inhibe el metabolismo de varios xenobióticos transformados por el sistema del citocromo P450 y sus metabolitos reaccionan con los componentes fetales in vivo. Ambas drogas exhibieron efectos mutagénicos significativos y se demostró en algunos estudios que eran carcinogénicas o tumorigénicas. Los efectos tóxicos de ambos fármacos dependen de la reducción enzimática de su grupo nitro. En este trabajo se resume la actividad de este laboratorio en el esfuerzo por comprender los mecanismos de la acción tóxica de estos fármacos.Chemotherapy of Chagas disease is currently performed by the use of only two drugs: Nifurtimox and Benznidazole. Nifurtimox is a nitrofurane and Benznidazole is a nitroimidazole compound. The use of these drugs to treat the acute phase of the disease is now widely accepted. However, their use in the treatment of the chronic phase is not without serious consequences. The side effects of both drugs are a major drawback in their use and often force physicians to stop treatment. In the case of Nifurtimox, experimental toxicity studies showed neurotoxicity, testicular damage, ovarian toxicity and deleterious effects in heart, breast tissue, adrenals, colon and esophagus. Benznidazole deleterious effects were observed in adrenals, colon and esophagus. It also inhibits the metabolism of various xenobiotics transformed by cytochrome P450 and its metabolites react with fetal components in vivo. Both drugs exhibited significant mutagenic effects and in some studies, they demonstrated to be carcinogenic or tumorigenic. Toxic effects of both drugs are dependent on the enzymatic reduction of the nitro group. This paper summarizes this laboratory’s activity in an effort to understand the mechanisms of these drugs’ toxic action.A quimioterapia da doença de Chagas tem atualmente com o uso de apenas dois medicamentos: nifurtimox e benzonidazol. Nifurtimox é um nitrofuran e benzonidazol é um composto nitroimidazólico. A utilização destes fármacos para o tratamento da fase aguda da doença é agora amplamente aceite. No entanto, a sua utilização no tratamento da fase crónica não é sem dúvida graves. Os efeitos colaterais de ambas são uma grande desvantagem na sua utilização, e frequentemente médicos força para interromper o tratamento. Estudos experimentais com Nifurtimox mostraram neurotoxicidade, lesão testicular, toxicidade ovariana e efeitos deletérios no coração, tecido mamário, adrenal, cólon e esôfago. Para benzonidazole efeitos deletérios foram observadas em supra-renal, cólon e esofágica. Também inibe o metabolismo de vários xenobióticos transformadas pelo citocromo P450 e seus metabolitos reagem com componentes fetal in vivo. Ambos os fármacos apresentaram efeitos mutagênicos significativos demonstrado em alguns estudos que eram cancerígenas ou tumorigenic. Os efeitos tóxicos de ambas as drogas são dependentes da redução enzimática do grupo nitro. Neste trabalho a atividade do nosso laboratório no esforço para compreender os mecanismos de ação tóxica dessas drogas é resumidaFil: Castro, Jose Alberto. Ministerio de Defensa. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Montalto de Mecca, María. Ministerio de Defensa. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Diaz Gomez, Maria Isabel. Ministerio de Defensa. Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Gerardo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Estratégicos Para la Defensa; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental; Argentin