Imaging high-dimensional spatial entanglement with a camera

The light produced by parametric down-conversion shows strong spatial entanglement that leads to violations of EPR criteria for separability. Historically, such studies have been performed by scanning a single-element, single-photon detector across a detection plane. Here we show that modern electron-multiplying charge-coupled device cameras can measure correlations in both position and momentum across a multi-pixel field of view. This capability allows us to observe entanglement of around 2,500 spatial states and demonstrate Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen type correlations by more than two orders of magnitude. More generally, our work shows that cameras can lead to important new capabilities in quantum optics and quantum information science.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

O GÊNERO DE DISCURSO CAUSO, COISA DE CAIPIRA, COISA DE MINAS

RESUMO: A cultura caipira é comumente associada aos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais e o gênero causo é prática discursiva recorrente nesses espaços. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar o gênero de discurso causo por meio dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, na perspectiva de Dominique Maingueneau (2006), fundamentalmente a partir da noção de cenas de enunciação. Para isso, elegemos como corpus causos do escritor paulista Cornélio Pires, do início do século XX. A análise apontou que, além de marcas linguísticas que caracterizam o gênero, são mobilizados conhecimentos cristalizados na cultura caipira, criando cenas validadas e enredando o leitor no universo caipira.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: causo; cenas de enunciação; cultura caipira

O GÊNERO DE DISCURSO CAUSO, COISA DE CAIPIRA, COISA DE MINAS

RESUMO: A cultura caipira é comumente associada aos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais e o gênero causo é prática discursiva recorrente nesses espaços. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar o gênero de discurso causo por meio dos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, na perspectiva de Dominique Maingueneau (2006), fundamentalmente a partir da noção de cenas de enunciação. Para isso, elegemos como corpus causos do escritor paulista Cornélio Pires, do início do século XX. A análise apontou que, além de marcas linguísticas que caracterizam o gênero, são mobilizados conhecimentos cristalizados na cultura caipira, criando cenas validadas e enredando o leitor no universo caipira.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: causo; cenas de enunciação; cultura caipira

AS CONCEPÇÕES DOS ALUNOS SOBRE RESOLUÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS AO UTILIZAREM O COMPUTADOR NO ESTUDO DE FUNÇÕES

ResumoO objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar e analisar um conjunto de dados em que os alunos manifestaram suas concepções sobre resolução de problemas ao utilizarem o software Winplot na resolução de problemas fechados relacionados ao estudo de funções. A pesquisa foi realizada com alunos da disciplina Matemática, ministrada no primeiro ano de um curso superior de Administração de Empresas. Foi desenvolvida seguindo a abordagem qualitativa e a coleta de dados foi feita, essencialmente, por observação-participante em aula. Os dados mostram que os alunos possuem a concepção de que para resolver um problema é preciso calcular, desenvolver e registrar algébrica ou numericamente um raciocínio, não considerando a observação e interpretação de gráficos como processos legítimos de resolução de problemas. A partir daí é desenvolvida uma reflexão acerca da importância da visualização e das representações múltiplas nos ambientes de ensino e aprendizagem de Matemática em que são utilizadas Tecnologias Informáticas.Palavras-chave: Resolução de problemas, Computadores, Funções.AbstractThe aim of this paper is to present and analyze a set of data in which the students express their conceptions regarding problem solving when using the software Winplot to solve closed-ended problems related to the study of functions. The research was conducted with first-year Business Administration students enrolled in a mathematics course. It was developed using a qualitative approach, with the data collection consisting mainly of participant-observation in the classroom. Students’ conceptions, as revealed in the data, is that to resolve a problem, it is necessary to calculate, develop, and record one’s reasoning algebraically or numerically, without considering observation and interpretation of graphs as legitimate processes in problem-solving. A reflection is developed regarding the importance of visualization and multiple representations in mathematics teaching and learning environments where information technology is used.Key words: Problem-solving, Computers, Functions.ResumenEl objetivo de este trabajo es presentar y analizar un conjunto de datos a través de los cuales los alumnos manifestaron sus concepciones sobre la resolución de problemas cuando utilizan el software Winplot en la solución de problemas cerrados relacionados con el estudio de funciones. La investigación fue realizada con alumnos que cursan la disciplina Matemática, impartida en el primer año de un curso superior de Administración de Empresas. Este estudio fue desarrollado siguiendo un procedimiento cualitativo y la recopilación de datos fue realizada esencialmente a través de la observación de los participantes en las clases. Los datos muestran que los alumnos tienen la concepción de que para resolver un problema es necesario calcular, desarrollar y registrar algebraica o numéricamente un raciocinio, ellos no consideran la observación y la interpretación de gráficos como procesos legítimos de solución de problemas. A partir de este hecho se desarrollada una reflexión sobre la importancia de la visualización y de las representaciones múltiplas en ambientes de enseñanza y aprendizaje de Matemática en los cuales son utilizadas Tecnologías de InformáticaPalabras claves: Resolución de problemas, computadoras, funciones

Stereology shows that damaged liver recovers after protein refeeding

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the putative effects of a low-protein diet on the three-dimensional structure of hepatocytes and determine whether this scenario could be reversed by restoring the adequate levels of protein to the diet. Methods: Using design-based stereology, the total number and volume of hepatocytes were estimated in the liver of mice in healthy and altered (by protein malnutrition) conditions and after protein renutrition. Results: This study demonstrated a 65% decrease in the liver volume (3302 mm3 for the control for undernourished versus 1141 mm3 for the undernourished group) accompanied by a 46% reduction in the hepatocyte volume (8223 μm3 for the control for undernourished versus 4475 μm3 for the undernourished group) and a 90% increase in the total number of binucleate hepatocytes (1 549 393 for the control for undernourished versus 2 941 353 for the undernourished group). Reinstating a normoproteinic diet (12% casein) proved to be effective in restoring the size of hepatocytes, leading to an 85% increase in the total number of uninucleate hepatocytes (15 988 560 for the undernourished versus 29 600 520 for the renourished group), and partially reversed the liver atrophy. Conclusions: Awareness of these data will add to a better morphologic understanding of malnutrition-induced hepatopathies and will help clinicians improve the diagnosis and treatment of this condition in humans and in veterinary practice

First Emergence of Resistance to Macrolides and Tetracycline Identified in Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida Isolates from Beef Feedlots in Australia

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) causes high morbidity and mortality in beef cattle worldwide. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) monitoring of BRD pathogens is critical to promote appropriate antimicrobial stewardship in veterinary medicine for optimal treatment and control. Here, the susceptibility of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multicoda isolates obtained from BRD clinical cases (deep lung swabs at post-mortem) among feedlots in four Australian states (2014-2019) was determined for 19 antimicrobial agents. The M. haemolytica isolates were pan-susceptible to all tested agents apart from a single macrolide-resistant isolate (1/88; 1.1%) from New South Wales (NSW). Much higher frequencies of P. multocida isolates were resistant to tetracycline (18/140; 12.9%), tilmicosin (19/140; 13.6%), tulathromycin/gamithromycin (17/140; 12.1%), and ampicillin/penicillin (6/140; 4.6%). Five P. multocida isolates (3.6%), all obtained from NSW in 2019, exhibited dual resistance to macrolides and tetracycline, and a further two Queensland isolates from 2019 (1.4%) exhibited a multidrug-resistant phenotype to ampicillin/penicillin, tetracycline, and tilmicosin. Random-amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing identified a high degree of genetic homogeneity among the M. haemolytica isolates, whereas P. multocida isolates were more heterogeneous. Illumina whole genome sequencing identified the genes msr(E) and mph(E)encoding macrolide resistance, tet(R)-tet(H) or tet(Y) encoding tetracycline resistance, and blaROB-1 encoding ampicillin/penicillin resistance in all isolates exhibiting a corresponding resistant phenotype. The exception was the tilmicosin-resistant, tulathromycin/gamithromycin-susceptible phenotype identified in two Queensland isolates, the genetic basis of which could not be determined. These results confirm the first emergence of AMR in M. haemolytica and P. multocida from BRD cases in Australia, which should be closely monitored

Artificial Neural Network Inference (ANNI): A Study on Gene-Gene Interaction for Biomarkers in Childhood Sarcomas

Objective: To model the potential interaction between previously identified biomarkers in children sarcomas using artificial neural network inference (ANNI). Method: To concisely demonstrate the biological interactions between correlated genes in an interaction network map, only 2 types of sarcomas in the children small round blue cell tumors (SRBCTs) dataset are discussed in this paper. A backpropagation neural network was used to model the potential interaction between genes. The prediction weights and signal directions were used to model the strengths of the interaction signals and the direction of the interaction link between genes. The ANN model was validated using Monte Carlo cross-validation to minimize the risk of over-fitting and to optimize generalization ability of the model. Results: Strong connection links on certain genes (TNNT1 and FNDC5 in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS); FCGRT and OLFM1 in Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS)) suggested their potency as central hubs in the interconnection of genes with different functionalities. The results showed that the RMS patients in this dataset are likely to be congenital and at low risk of cardiomyopathy development. The EWS patients are likely to be complicated by EWS-FLI fusion and deficiency in various signaling pathways, including Wnt, Fas/Rho and intracellular oxygen. Conclusions: The ANN network inference approach and the examination of identified genes in the published literature within the context of the disease highlights the substantial influence of certain genes in sarcomas