A Generic Sla Negotiation Protocol For Virtualized Environments

Many companies use the Internet as a basis for their services, defining Service Level Agreements (SLA) with their respective Internet Service Providers. However, the current Internet works in a Best Effort manner, what points toward the concept of network virtualization to support the Future Internet. Within this context, this work proposes a generic SLA negotiation protocol for Virtualized Environments (VEs). The proposed protocol allows the client to negotiate resources (for example, the bandwidth for the virtual network or the storage capacity of the cloud) and features (for example, protocol stack of the virtual network or operating system in the cloud) used in the VE. Experiments showed the effectiveness of the proposed protocol in fulfilling the requirements defined by the client. © 2012 IEEE.712Chowdhury, N.M.M.K., Boutaba, R., Network virtualization: State of the art and research challenges (2009) IEEE Communications Magazine, 47 (7), pp. 20-26Di Modica, G., Regalbuto, V., Tomarchio, O., Vita, L., Enabling renegotiations of SLA by extending the ws-agreement specification (2007) IEEE Intl. Conference on Services Computing, pp. 248-251. , julyAl-Aaidroos, M., Jailani, N., Mukhtar, M., Agent-based negotiation framework for web service's SLA (2011) 7th International Conference on Information Technology in Asia (CITA 11)Nitto, E., Penta, M., Gambi, A., Ripa, G., Villani, M.L., Negotiation of service level agreements: An architecture and a search-based approach (2007) 5th Intl. Conference on Service-Oriented Computing, pp. 295-306Zaheer, F., Xiao, J., Boutaba, R., Multi-provider service negotiation and contracting in network virtualization (2010) Network Operations and Management Symposium (NOMS), 2010 IEEE, pp. 471-478. , aprilGomes, R.L., Madeira, E., An automatic SLA negotiation protocol for a future internet (2011) Proceedings of IEEE 3rd Latin-American Conference on CommunicationsAlkahtani, A.M.S., Woodward, M.E., Al-Begain, K., Prioritised best effort routing with four quality of service metrics applying the concept of the analytic hierarchy process (2006) Computers and Operations Research, 33, pp. 559-580. , MarchTeknomo, K., Similarity Measurement, , http://people.revoledu.com/kardi/tutorial/Similarity/McKeown, N., Anderson, T., Balakrishnan, H., Parulkar, G., Peterson, L., Rexford, J., Shenker, S., Turner, J., Openflow: Enabling innovation in campus networks (2008) SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 38 (2), pp. 69-74Gude, N., Koponen, T., Pettit, J., Pfaff, B., Casado, M., McKeown, N., Shenker, S., Nox: Towards an operating system for networks (2008) SIGCOMM Computer Communication Rev., 38, pp. 105-110. , JulyMattos, D.M.F., Fernandes, N.C., Da Costa, V.T., Cardoso, L.P., Campista, M.E.M., Costa, L.H.M.K., Duarte, O.C.M.B., Omni: Openflow management infrastructure (2011) Intl. Conference on the Network of the Futur

A Virtual Network Allocation Algorithm For Reliability Negotiation

The Internet has become a primary means of communication, even though it currently does not guarantee Quality of Service (QoS). In order to tackle with this problem, companies establish Service Level Agreements (SLA) with their providers, including the reliability of services. This paper shows an algorithm for virtual network allocation in a reliability context, where some techniques of disjoint path and reliability calculation are used to deploy the virtual network according to the client's specification. Simulations using real network topologies show the capacity of the algorithm to deploy the virtual network according to the client requirements. © 2013 IEEE. IEEE Communications Society,U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF)Urra, A., Calle, E., Marzo, J., Enhanced multi-layer protection in multi-service gmpls networks (2005) Global Telecommunications Conference, IEEE GLOBECOM '05, 1Lee, H.-W., Modiano, E., Lee, K., Diverse routing in networks with probabilistic failures (2010) IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 18 (6), pp. 1895-1907Femminella, M., Francescangeli, R., Reali, G., Lee, J.W., Schulzrinne, H., An enabling platform for autonomic management of the future internet (2011) IEEE Network, 25 (6), pp. 24-32Gomes, R.L., Bittencourt, L.F., Madeira, E.R.M., A generic sla negotiation protocol for virtualized environments Proceedings of 18th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON 2012), 2012Pouyllau, H., Douville, R., End-to-end qos negotiation in network federations 3rd IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Bandwidth on Demand and Federation Economics, 2010Zaheer, F., Xiao, J., Boutaba, R., Multi-provider service negotiation and contracting in network virtualization 12th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium, 2010Li, V., Silvester, J., Performance analysis of networks with unreliable components (1984) IEEE Transactions on Communications, 32 (10), pp. 1105-1110. , octSuurballe, J.W., Tarjan, R.E., A quick method for finding shortest pairs of disjoint paths (1984) Networks, 14 (2), pp. 325-336Gomes, T., Craveirinha, J., Efficient calculation of the most reliable pair of link disjoint paths in telecommunication networks (2007) European Journal of Operational Research, 181 (3)Pu, J., Manning, E., Shoja, G., Routing reliability analysis of partially disjoint paths (2001) IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing, 1Rahman, M., Aib, I., Boutaba, R., Survivable virtual network embedding (2010) NETWORKING, 6091, pp. 40-52Sun, G., Di, H., Yu, H., Li, L., Anand, V., The framework and algorithms for the survivable mapping of virtual network onto a substrate network (2011) IETE Technical Review, 28 (5

Supporting Sla Negotiation For Vsdn Based On Similarity And Price Issues

To access the Internet, companies define a Service Level Agreement (SLA) with Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Nevertheless, the current Internet does not assure Quality of Service (QoS), what points toward the concept of virtual networks (VNs) and software defined network (SDN) to support the Future Internet. Moreover, the VN and SDN approaches can be mixed creating the Virtual Software Defined Network (VSDN), which enhances the customization capacity of the networks. Based on this context, this work proposes a similarity metric and a fuzzy decision-making model (FDMM) to support the VSDN negotiation. Experiments show the effectiveness of the proposal in providing the clients with a mechanism to compare protocols offered by providers, allowing them to identify which one best fulfills the requirements.287290Akamai Technologies, Inc.,IEEE Computer Society Technical Committee on Distributed Processing (TCDP),IEEE Computers Society,International Research Institute on Autonomic Network Computing,Technical Committee on Distributed ProcessingGomes, R.L., Bittencourt, L.F., Madeira, E., A framework for sla establishment of virtual networks based on qos classes (2013) Proceedings of Fifth International Workshop on Management of the Future Internet (ManFI)Drutskoy, D., Keller, E., Rexford, J., Scalable network virtualization in software-defined networks (2013) IEEE Internet Computing, 17 (2)Becker, H., Naaman, M., Gravano, L., Learning similarity metrics for event identification in social media (2010) Proceedings of the Third ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining, pp. 291-300. , ACMCha, S.-H., Yoon, S., Tappert, C., On binary similarity measures for handwritten character recognition (2005) Eighth International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition, 2005, pp. 4-8Carvalho, H., Fernandes, N., Duarte, O., Pujolle, G., SLAPv: A service level agreement enforcer for virtual networks (2012) International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), pp. 708-712Abedin, F., Chao, K.-M., Godwin, N., A fuzzy group decision making process in a multi-agent negotiation environment (2011) 15th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), pp. 311-318Lesot, M., Rifqi, M., Benhadda, H., Similarity measures for binary and numerical data a survey (2009) Int. J. Knowl. Eng. Soft Data Paradigm., 1 (1), pp. 63-84. , DecGomes, R.L., Bittencourt, L.F., Madeira, E.R.M., A similarity model for virtual networks negotiation (2014) 29th Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC

A Similarity Model For Virtual Networks Negotiation

Many companies use the Internet as a basis for their services, defining Service Level Agreements (SLA) with their respective Internet Service Providers (ISP). However, the current Internet works in a best effort manner, that points toward the concept of network virtualization and Software Defined Networks (SDN) to support the Future Internet. Within this context, this work proposes a similarity model and a similarity metric that enable the client to negotiate protocols for SDN and Virtual Networks (VN). The proposed model enables the free competition among providers and allows the client to compare protocols offered by the providers to identify which ones best fulfill the requested requirements. Experiments showed the effectiveness of the proposed model. Copyright 2014 ACM.489494ACM Special Interest Group on Applied Computing (SIGAPP)Ballew, S., (1997) Managing IP Networks with Cisco Routers, , O'Reilly MediaChoi, S.S., Cha, S.H., Tappert, C., A survey of binary similarity and distance measures (2010) Journal on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 8 (1)Chowdhury, N.M.K., Boutaba, R., A survey of network virtualization (2010) Computer Networks, 54 (5), pp. 862-876. , AprilDas, S., Parulkar, G., McKeown, N., Why openflow/sdn can succeed where gmpls failed (2012) European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication, , Optical Society of AmericaDe Oliveira Silva, F., De Souza Pereira, J., Rosa, P., Kofuji, S., Enabling future internet architecture research and experimentation by using software defined networking (2012) European Workshop on Software Defined Networking (EWSDN)Drutskoy, D., Keller, E., Rexford, J., Scalable network virtualization in software-defined networks (2013) IEEE Internet Computing, 17 (2), pp. 20-27Durham, D., Yavatkar, R., (1999) Inside the Internet's Resource Reservation Protocol: Foundations for Quality of Service, , John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY, USAEvans, J., Filsfils, C., (2010) Deploying IP and MPLS QoS for Multiservice Networks: Theory & Practice, , The Morgan Kaufmann Series in NetworkingGomes, R.L., Bittencourt, L.F., Madeira, E.R.M., A generic sla negotiation protocol for virtualized environments (2012) Proceedings of 18th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON)Kalai, A., Tamuz, O., Liu, C., Shamir, O., Belongie, S., (2012) Adaptively Learning a Similarity Model, , (patent)Kurose, J., Ross, K., (2010) Computer Networking: A Top-down Approach, , Pearson EducationKwon, T., (2012) Reasoning About Wireless Protocol Behavior, , Ohio State UniversityLesot, M., Rifqi, M., Benhadda, H., Similarity measures for binary and numerical data a survey (2009) Int. J. Knowl. Eng. Soft Data Paradigm., 1 (1), pp. 63-84Rothenberg, C.E., Nascimento, M.R., Salvador, M.R., Corrêa, C.N.A., Cunha De Lucena, S., Raszuk, R., Revisiting routing control platforms with the eyes and muscles of software-defined networking (2012) Proceedings of the First Workshop on Hot Topics in Software Defined Networks (HotSDN 2012), pp. 13-18Sharafat, A.R., Das, S., Parulkar, G., McKeown, N., Mpls-te and mpls vpns with openflow (2011) Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2011 Conference, SIGCOMM'11, pp. 452-453. , New York, NY, USA ACMSherwood, R., Gibb, G., Yap, K.-K., Appenzeller, G., Casado, M., McKeown, N., Parulkar, G., Flowvisor: A network virtualization layer (2009) OpenFlow Switch Consortium, , Tech. RepZaheer, F., Xiao, J., Boutaba, R., Multi-provider service negotiation and contracting in network virtualization (2010) 12th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposiu

A Bandwidth-feasibility Algorithm For Reliable Virtual Network Allocation

Currently, the Internet is the main communication medium, however it does not guarantee Quality of Service. To contour this problem, companies establish Service Level Agreements with their Internet Service Providers, including parameters like bandwidth and reliability of the network. This paper presents an algorithm for virtual network allocation in a reliability context, where a feasible bandwidth approach and reliability calculation are used to deploy the virtual network according to the client's requirement. Simulations using a real network topology show the effectiveness of the algorithm to deploy the virtual network in a scenario of multiple cumulative requests. © 2014 IEEE.504511Carvalho, H., Fernandes, N., Duarte, O., Pujolle, G., Slapv: A service level agreement enforcer for virtual networks (2012) International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), pp. 708-712Drutskoy, D., Keller, E., Rexford, J., Scalable network virtualization in software-defined networks (2013) IEEE Internet Computing, 17 (2), pp. 20-27Esteves, R., Granville, L., Boutaba, R., On the management of virtual networks (2013) IEEE Communications Magazine, 51 (7)Gomes, R.L., Bittencourt, L.F., Madeira, E.R.M., A generic sla negotiation protocol for virtualized environments (2012) Proceedings of 18th IEEE International Conference on Networks (ICON 2012)Gomes, R.L., Bittencourt, L.F., Madeira, E.R.M., A virtual network allocation algorithm for reliability negotiation (2013) 22st International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)Gomes, T., Craveirinha, J., Efficient calculation of the most reliable pair of link disjoint paths in telecommunication networks (2007) European Journal of Operational Research, 181 (3)Lee, H.-W., Modiano, E., Lee, K., Diverse routing in networks with probabilistic failures (2010) IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 18 (6), pp. 1895-1907Li, V., Silvester, J., Performance analysis of networks with unreliable components (1984) IEEE Transactions on Communications, 32 (10), pp. 1105-1110. , octMedhi, D., Ramasamy, K., (2007) Network Routing: Algorithms, Protocols, and Architectures, , Morgan Kaufmann Publishers IncPouyllau, H., Douville, R., End-to-end qos negotiation in network federations (2010) 3rd IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Bandwidth on Demand and Federation EconomicsRahman, M., Aib, I., Boutaba, R., Survivable virtual network embedding (2010) NETWORKING, 6091, pp. 40-52Sherwood, R., Gibb, G., Yap, K.-K., Appenzeller, G., Casado, M., McKeown, N., Parulkar, G., Flowvisor: A network virtualization layer (2009) OpenFlow Switch Consortium, Tech. RepSun, G., Di, H., Yu, H., Li, L., Anand, V., The framework and algorithms for the survivable mapping of virtual network onto a substrate network IETE Technical Review, 28 (5)Suurballe, J.W., Tarjan, R.E., A quick method for finding shortest pairs of disjoint paths (1984) Networks, 14 (2), pp. 325-336Zaheer, J., Xiao, F., Boutaba, R., Multi-provider service negotiation and contracting in network virtualization (2010) 12th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposiu

An Architecture For Dynamic Resource Adjustment In Vsdns Based On Traffic Demand

To access the Internet, companies define a Service Level Agreement (SLA) with Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Nevertheless, the current Internet does not assure Quality of Service (QoS), what points toward the concept of network virtualization and software defined network (SDN) to support the Future Internet. Moreover, the initial parameters defined in SLAs may not withstand traffic changes, resulting in a lower quality experienced by users and a waste of resources for ISPs. Within this context, this paper proposes an architecture to deal with resource usage variations. The proposal aims to enhance the QoS provided by the ISPs, while improving the usage of network resources in dynamic scenarios. Experiments using real traffic demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture.20052010Wang, N., Zhang, Y., Serrat, J., Gorricho, J.L., Guo, T., Hu, Z., Zhang, P., A two-dimensional architecture for end-to-end resource management in virtual network environments (2012) IEEE Network, 26 (5), pp. 8-14Drutskoy, D., Keller, E., Rexford, J., Scalable network virtualization in software-defined networks (2013) IEEE Internet Computing, 17 (2)Sherwood, R., Chan, M., Covington, A., Gibb, G., Flajslik, M., Handigol, N., Huang, T.-Y., Parulkar, G., Carving research slices out of your production networks with openflow (2010) SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev., 40, pp. 129-130. , JanuaryZhang, M., Wu, C., Qe, Y., Jiang, M., Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)Gomes, R.L., Bittencourt, L.F., Madeira, E., A framework for sla establishment of virtual networks based on qos classes (2013) Proceedings of Fifth International Workshop on Management of the Future Internet (ManFI)Pouyllau, H., Douville, R., End-to-end qos negotiation in network federations (2010) 3rd IEEE/IFIP International Workshop on Bandwidth on Demand and Federation EconomicsZaheer, F., Xiao, J., Boutaba, R., Multi-provider service negotiation and contracting in network virtualization (2010) 12th IEEE/IFIP Network Operations and Management SymposiumComuzzi, M., Kotsokalis, C., Rathfelder, C., Theilmann, W., Winkler, U., Zacco, G., A framework for multi-level sla management (2010) Service-Oriented Computing. ICSOC/ServiceWave 2009 Workshops, 6275, pp. 187-196Skoldstrom, P., Yedavalli, K., Network virtualization and resource allocation in openflow-based wide area networks (2012) Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)Mahimkar, A., Chiu, A., Doverspike, R., Feuer, M.D., Magill, P., Mavrogiorgis, E., Pastor, J., Yates, J., Bandwidth on demand for inter-data center communication (2011) Proceedings of the 10th ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks, ser, pp. 241-246. , HotNets-X. New York, NY, USA: ACMGomes, R.L., Bittencourt, L.F., Madeira, E.R.M., A bandwidthfeasibility algorithm for reliable virtual network allocation (2014) 28th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA

Attenuation of isoproterenol-induced cardiac fibrosis in transgenic rats harboring an angiotensin-(1-7)-producing fusion protein in the heart

OBJECTIVE: It has been shown that Ang-(1-7) has cardioprotective actions. To directly investigate the effects of Ang-(1-7) specifically in the heart, we generated and characterized transgenic (TG) rats which express an Ang-(1-7)-producing fusion protein driven by the alpha-MHC promoter. METHODS: and RESULTS: After microinjection of the transgene into fertilized rat zygotes, we obtained four different transgenic lines. Homozygous animals were analyzed with regard to the expression profile of the transgene by ribonuclease protection assay. Transgene expression was detected mainly in the heart with weak or no expression in other organs. Heterozygous TG(hA-1-7)L7301 rats presented a significant increase in cardiac Ang-(1-7) concentration compared with control rats (17.1 +/- 2.1 versus 3.9 +/- 1.4 pg/mg protein in SD rats). Radiotelemetry analysis revealed that TG rats presented no significant changes in blood pressure and heart rate compared with normal rats. Overexpression of Ang-(1-7) in the heart produced slight improvement in resting cardiac function (+ dT/dt: 81530 +/- 1305.0 versus 77470 +/- 345.5 g/s bpm in SD rats, p < 0.05), which was in keeping with the enhanced [Ca(2+)] handling observed in cardiomyocytes of TG rats. TG(hA-1-7)L7301 rats also showed a greater capacity to withstand stress since TG rats showed a less pronounced deposition of collagen type III and fibronectin induced by isoproterenol treatment in the subendocardial area than in corresponding controls. In addition, hearts from TG rats showed reduced incidence and duration of reperfusion arrhythmias in comparison with SD rats. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that Ang-(1-7) has blood pressure-independent, antifibrotic effects, acting directly in the heart