Innovation and Technological Development of Industrial Regions Under Social and Economic Insecurity

The article is devoted to the identification of the characteristics and priorities of innovation and technological development in the industrial regions of the Russian Federation in the context of the ongoing global crisis. The authors come from the hypothesis that, in these circumstances, the strategy of innovative development of industrial regions, in order to ensure their sustainability and the creation of conditions for further growth, should be an integral part of their industrial policies and focus primarily on the modernization and improvement of technical and technological level of basic units. On the basis of the analysis of statistical data about the status of the innovation capacity in the Russian Federation, the authors have identified the root causes of the continuing backlog of advanced foreign countries by the level of innovative development (raw-material orientation of the Russian economy that enhances the technological dependence of the developed countries; insufficient financial support for innovation activities by the state; the orientation of innovation in imitation and borrowing). The necessity to take into account in the development and implementation of the socio-economic strategic regions of the Russian Federation and the close relationship between the industrial-technological and innovation component of social development is proved. In order to improve the effectiveness of regional development policies, the classification of Russian regions considering their industrial and technological specialization is proposed, the required elements and characteristics of effective innovation systems for each type of region are allocated. In the article, the proposals on measures of the state support for innovation development of industrial regions, with the aim of improving their sustainability and competitiveness in the face of geopolitical and economic uncertainty are determined. The article is addressed to professionals in the field of theory and practice in the management of innovative processes.The article has been prepared with the support of Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation, project 14–02–00331 Innovative and technological development of a region: assessment, forecasting, and ways of achievement»

Substantiating the Transformations in the Priorities of the Innovations and Technology Development of the Russian Regions amid the Global Crisis

The purpose of this research is to substantiate the necessity for Russia to adopt a neo-industrialization policy as a tool for overcoming the consequences of the global crisis. The research hypothesis assumes that the competitiveness of Russian regions in crisis conditions cannot be enhanced without transforming the regional innovation priorities with regard to modern science and technology developments, production demands for modernization and import substitution, and accelerated the formation of the high technology sector. The authors believe that one of the main reasons for the current structural crisis in Russia is ignoring the determining impact of the innovations and technology development on the country’s regional socio-economic systems as a whole. The verification of this hypothesis based on the analysis of the official statistics revealed a number of negative tendencies impeding the country in overcoming the crisis phenomena through accelerated development of modern technological paradigms: decreasing staff component and deteriorating quality of the Russian science, widening the gap between the financial support in Russia and developed countries, reducing opportunities for innovation business development, and a lack of motivation for manufacturers to engage in innovation activities. The authors substantiate the necessity to strengthen the state innovation policy for the recovery of Russia’s socio-economic situation. They propose a methodological approach to choosing the priorities of innovation support for the economic development of Russian regions based on a comprehensive review of the condition and challenges in the development of research potential, the region’s business environment, and its ability to master innovations. Calculations are made to assess the possibility of creating innovation activity centers in the Russian regions of various types aimed at increasing the specific weight of high-tech companies focused on the production of innovations to address import substitution and economy neo-industrialization tasks urgent for Russia. The authors developed their own methodology to evaluate the possibilities of forming various types of innovation activity centers in the Russian regions aimed at increasing the specific weight of the high-tech sector and creating domestic high-tech companies, and focused on the production of innovations to address import substitution and economy neo-industrialization tasks urgent for Russia. The article is addressed to innovation management experts.The article has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities, Project № 14–02–00331 "Innovation and Technology Development of the Region: Assessment, Projections, and Ways of Progressing"

Problems in increasing innovative sustainability of regional development

The article provides a comparative analysis of innovative and technological development in Russia and other countries. The paper shows that the innovation sector of the Russian Federation lags behind most developed and developing countries: Russia has almost left the market of high technologies, the main expenditures on innovations are incurred in the sectors of low and medium technology industries; the self-sufficiency in the Russian economy in a number of key types of manufacturing equipment is significantly below the threshold marks determined by national security requirements. The authors describe the differentiation of innovative development in the Russian regions. The study of Russian innovation space has revealed that there are fairly intensive processes of science decay on the periphery, which causes serious problems for the spread of innovative impulses across the country. The article elaborates the methodology for comprehensive assessment of innovative security in the region and presents the relevant calculations for the regions of the Ural Federal District (UFD). It identifies the factors of innovative sustainability that are the most critical for these regions. The authors present the forecast and built long-term forecast trajectories for the level of innovative security in UFD by using the modernized Hurst method. They define the main barriers to the innovative development of Russian regions. The article presents the methodological approaches to substantiating the priority areas for building the innovative systems of regions by taking into account the characteristics of their science and manufacturing complexes. The authors propose a methodology to formally assess the priority of establishing in the region the centers of innovative activity aimed at supporting the competitiveness of industries with different levels of technology intensity. The paper presents the results of calculations with regard to priority of establishing the centers of innovative activity aimed at supporting the development of industries with different level of technology intensity using the example of UFD, one of the leading Russian regions in terms of innovation and production capacity.The article has been supported by the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation, Project 14-02-00331 “Innovative and technology development of the region: assessment, forecasting and ways of progressing”

Pairing of applicants’ CJM with university profile in digital environment as a management task

The work is devoted to the application of the Customer Journey Map (CJM) for university applicants and managerial tasks of adapting the profile of the university in the digital environment to the trajectories of the consumer. The author’s definition of the “profile of the university in the digital environment” concept is offered, the analysis of statistical data of university websites is made. The combination of classical studies of applicants’ motivation and factors influencing enrollment in a particular university with modern methods of studying consumer behavior in the digital environment allows to increase the effectiveness of the admission campaign. Customer Journey Map as an analysis tool, in conjunction with the data of network traffic allows to optimize all types of communications of the university and provide its management with necessary information when making managerial decisions. The research revealed an insignificant influence of the university social networks and thematic groups on the decision to enroll to a particular university, which what caused a deeper study of visitors’ behavior on the university websites. Internet traffic activity for a number of universities was assessed as direct requests, through search services, social networks, mail servers, as well as through referral links, and advertising traffic. The study showed that search engines and direct queries gave the maximum value for traffic. But the effectiveness of advertising to attract applicants is rather low, which indicates the insignificant role of university advertising and confirms the data of the survey in the construction of the Customer Journey Map

Differentiation of innovative development strategies of regions for improving the effectiveness of socio-economic policy in the Russian Federation

Цель исследования - разработка дифференцированного подхода к формированию региональных стратегий инновационного развития, позволяющего выстраивать более эффективную траекторию реализации инновационной парадигмы регионов РФ с учетом специфики их научно-технического, инновационного и производственно-технологического потенциалов. В статье проанализирован опыт инновационного развития зарубежных стран, показывающий необходимость учета региональных особенностей при разработке инновационных стратегий. Изучена динамика развития инновационного потенциала регионов РФ за последние 10 лет. Авторы полагают, что формирование и реализация эффективной адресной инновационной стратегии региона возможны только при условии ее тесной взаимосвязи с социально-экономической стратегией и обязательном решении проблем актуализации его научно-технического, технологического, образовательного потенциалов. Основные результаты. В ходе исследования выделено 4 главных критерия дифференциации инновационных стратегий, соответствие которым необходимо для повышения эффективности и действенности инновационной политики (взаимосвязь инновационных стратегий с соответствующими социально-экономическими стратегиями регионов, инновационно-технологическая специализация регионов, региональные потребности в инновационных преобразованиях на перспективу и формы организации инновационной деятельности). Проведен сравнительный анализ состояния инновационных и производственных возможностей и потребностей российских регионов, показывающий их существенные различия по численности занятых НИОКР, затратам на технологические инновации, объемам выпуска продукции обрабатывающими производствами и другим показателям. На основе этого анализа выделены 15 регионов, наиболее готовых к инновационным преобразованиям. В ходе исследования использовались методы сравнительного анализа, экономико-статистические методы, а также методы прогнозирования. Предложен алгоритм использования дифференцированного подхода в процессе стратегирования регионального инновационного развития. Сделан вывод: применение дифференцированного подхода к выбору инновационной стратегии территории будет способствовать повышению эффективности и адресности государственной инновационной политики за счет более полного и рационального использования имеющихся ресурсов и возможностей для укрепления внутренней устойчивости регионального сообщества. Статья адресована специалистам в области теории и практики управления инновационным развитием регионов.The study aims to develop a differentiated approach to the elaboration of innovative development strategies of Russian regions, which allows an effective implementation of innovative paradigms, considering the specificity of scientific and technical, innovative, and production and technological potential of regions. The analysis of international experience of innovative development illustrates the need to consider regional features when creating innovative strategies. We examined the dynamics of the innovative potential of Russian regions over the past decade. We hypothesise that an effective targeted innovative strategy of a region should be closely related to its socio-economic strategy, relying on the most relevant scientific, technological, and educational potential. We identified 4 main criteria for differentiating innovative strategies. These criteria application increases the effectiveness of innovation policies. These factors include the relationship of regional innovative strategies with relevant socioeconomic strategies, the innovation and technological specialisation of the regions, regional needs for innovative transformations for the future, and forms of innovation activity. A comparative analysis of innovation and production capabilities and needs of Russian regions showed significant differences in the number of people employed in research and development, technological innovation costs, manufacturing output and other indicators. Based on the analysis, we identified top 15 regions, which are the most innovation-ready. The study used comparative analysis methods, economic and statistical methods, and forecasting methods. We proposed an algorithm for using a differentiated approach for strategizing regional innovative development. Finally, we concluded that a differentiated approach to the development and implementation of innovative development strategies allows improving the efficiency and targeting of state innovation policy through more efficient use of available resources and opportunities to strengthen the sustainability of regional communities. The article is intended for experts in the field of theory and practise of managing the innovative development of regions.Статья подготовлена в соответствии с Планом НИР ФГБУН Института экономики УрО РАН на 2019–2021 гг.The article has been prepared in accordance with the plan of Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS for 2019-2021

Problems of regional innovation strategy forming

The author considered problems and contradictions of modern innovation policy in Russia. It is shown, that at present time regions are removed from management of science-technical complex and spatial priorities are not produced. It is a serious factor of risk for conservation perspectives of innovation development for Russia. With taking into account of world experience main districts of rise effects regional police were formulated. It is underlined, that creation conditions for transformation of regional authorities in active subjects of innovation policy is necessary condition for building vital innovation system. It is shown, that state innovation policy must be constructed at combination of next principles: a) support science-technical potential of regions — generators of innovation and creation conditions for its realization; b) using of innovations for evening-out disproportions of social-economic development between regions; c) widening powers and financial possibilities of regions at management of innovation climate. Methodical approaches for making effective mechanisms of management of innovation processes of territory are opened. Typology of Russian regions with high and middle degree of innovation climate is proposed, which takes level of science and innovation potential of territory and also degree of comfort of social-economic conditions for development of innovation activity are offered. Peculiarities of innovation strategy for different types of regions are defined. This typology may be used for substantiation spatial priorities of innovation strategy of Russia

Scientific and Technical Capacity of Regions as the Foundation for Technological Independence of the Russian Federation

Обеспечение технологической независимости - один из серьезнейших вызовов для современной России. Поиск подходов к решению этой проблемы делает актуальным рассмотрение вопросов развития научно-технического потенциала регионов РФ. Целью исследования является разработка теоретических и методических аспектов формирования и актуализации научно-технического потенциала российских регионов как основы обеспечения технологической независимости. Задачи исследования: уточнение понятия научно-технического потенциала региона, развитие методологии управления его формированием, разработка методических подходов к повышению готовности научно-технического потенциала региона к решению проблем технологической независимости. При проведении исследования использованы статистические данные ОЭСР, Таможенной службы РФ, Росстата, другие источники. Дана оценка импортозависимости РФ, показано, что коэффициент покрытия импорта экспортом по большей части высокотехнологичных товаров не превышает 5-10 %. Проанализирован генезис понятия «научно-технический потенциал региона». Уточнено его содержание с учетом положений инновационной теории и изменения потоков знаний под воздействием становления цифрового общества. Выявлены барьеры, препятствующие развитию и актуализации научно-технического потенциала российских регионов (технологическая отсталость и финансовая неустойчивость высокотехнологичного сектора, низкая готовность к актуализации и разбалансирован-ность структуры научно-технического потенциала, и др.). Раскрыты методологические аспекты их преодоления на основе комплексного подхода к рассмотрению регионального инновационного процесса. Предложен методический подход к укреплению взаимодействия науки и бизнеса на основе модели открытых инноваций. Расчеты, проведенные с использованием метода иерархического кластерного анализа, позволили выделить группу наиболее перспективных для формирования предлагаемых автором центров инновационного развития регионов РФ, которые были объединены в три кластера (в порядке уменьшения приоритетности): регионы-лидеры, продвинутые и развитые регионы. В первый кластер вошли 4 региона, во второй - 6, в третий - 3. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в практике управления региональным научно-технологическим развитием и дальнейшем формировании методологии инновационного преобразования российской экономики.Ensuring technological independence is one of the key challenges for modern Russia. Solution of this problem requires the consideration of the development of the scientific and technical capacity of Russian regions. The study aims to establish theoretical and methodological bases of the scientific and technical capacity of Russian regions as the foundation for technological independence. To this end, the following tasks were set: to present the definition of the scientific and technical capacity of regions; to create a methodology for managing capacity building; to develop methodological approaches to increase the ability of the scientific and technical capacity of regions to solve the problems of technological independence. The research used statistical data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Federal Customs Service of Russia, Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), and other sources. Analysis of the import dependence of the Russian Federation shows that the rate of coverage of imports by exports for the majority of high-tech goods does not exceed 5-10 %. The genesis of the concept of the scientific and technical capacity of regions was examined taking into account the innovation theory and changes in knowledge flows in the context of the digital society. The study identified barriers to the development of the scientific and technical capacity of Russian regions: technological backwardness and financial instability of the high-tech sector, low willingness to update, imbalance in the structure of the scientific and technical capacity, etc. A methodology for overcoming these barriers based on an integrated approach to regional innovation processes was presented. Additionally, a methodological approach to enhancing the interaction between science and business relying on the open innovation model was proposed. Calculations performed using the hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a group of the most promising regions for the establishment of innovative development centres. Three clusters were identified (in descending order of priority): leading (4 constituent entities), advanced (6 constituent entities) and developed (3 constituent entities) regions. The obtained results can be used to manage regional scientific and technological development and create the methodology for innovative transformation of the Russian economy.Статья подготовлена в соответствии с государственным заданием для ФГБУН Института экономики УрО РАН на 2022-2023 гг.The article has been prepared in accordance with the state order for the Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS for 2022–2023

Innovation competitiveness of the Russian regions

The article is devoted to the problem analysis of the competitiveness of the Russian regions and to the development of the methodology of its increasing. The author's hypothesis is that when supporting the priorities of increasing the region's innovation competitiveness, one must take into account not only region's scientific and technical, and innovation potential, but also peculiarities of interaction of innovation and socio-economic development of the territories. This is because the region's innovation competitiveness is manifested in its ability to create innovations as well as to increase on their basis the resistance of the territory, and, therefore, initially, it quite closely linked to its industrial and technological type. On the basis of the conducted data analysis of the state of research and innovation potential of the Russian regions, the main trends and causes of the continued weakening of their innovation competitiveness are identified. In modern Russia, this is mainly caused by the lack of politically significant groups whose economic interests are closely linked to the development of mechanical engineering, high technology and restoration of the industrial production structure. The interdependence between the socially necessary level of the region's innovation competitiveness and the need for innovation industries with high technology levels are showed. In the article, the methodical approach is proposed for determining ways of increasing the innovation competitiveness of the Russian Federation's regions. It is showed that they should be developed on the basis of coordination of interests of preserving and strengthening the research and innovative capacities of the country, on the one hand, and the needs of increasing the vitality of the territories on the other. In view of the statistical base, the integral index of development priority in the centers of innovation activity aimed at enhancing the resistance of the different degrees of knowledge-intensive industries was developed. The results of the ranking of the subjects of the Russian Federation according to the priority of development there the centers of innovation activity of high-tech, medium-low (on the example of metallurgy) and extractive industries are presented. The proposals for improving the competitiveness of the Russian Federation's regions of the above-mentioned production-technological types are formulated. The article is addressed to professionals in the field of theory and practice of the management of innovative processes.Дано понятие инновационной конкурентоспособности региона. Обоснованы направления повышения инновационной конкурентоспособности российских регионов. Представлены результаты рейтинга субъектов Российской Федерации по приоритетности формирования в них центров инновационной активности высокотехнологичных, среднетехнологичных низкого уровня и ресурсодобывающих производств.The article has been prepared with the support of the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation, Project 14-02-00331 " Innovative and technological development of the region: assessment, forecasting and ways of achievement.

Ecosystem Approach to Innovation Management in Russian Regions

Переход России на инновационную парадигму развития - объективная необходимость в контексте обеспечения устойчивого конкурентоспособного роста. При этом доля высокотехнологичного сектора в затратах на инновации сегодня составляет порядка 15 %. Целью исследования является обоснование направлений совершенствования методологии управления инновационным развитием российских регионов. На основе анализа современных теоретических представлений об организации территориальных инновационных процессов подтверждена гипотеза, предполагающая, что управление инновационной деятельностью должно строиться исходя из целостного представления о региональной инновационной экосистеме как одном из ключевых институтов устойчивого роста. В статье предложен экосистемный подход, согласно которому закономерности построения региональных инновационных экосистем в условиях глобализации предполагают согласование целей социально-экономического и инновационного развития, дифференцированный подход к их построению, формирование устойчивых потоков знаний и технологий, обеспечение разнообразия и конкуренции участников. В качестве актуальных направлений государственной политики автор предлагает признание безальтернативности инновационной парадигмы развития, создание условий для становления высокотехнологичных производств за пределами сложившихся бизнес-структур, увеличение бюджетных затрат на НИОКР, усиление самоорганизации науки, стимулирование горизонтальных взаимодействий между наукой и бизнесом. Авторский подход к дифференциации инновационных стратегий регионов РФ учитывает состояние науки и высшего образования, производственно-технологический тип региона, а также миссию регионов различных производственно-технологических типов. Предложенная методика выбора регионов, наиболее перспективных для запуска процесса инновационных преобразований, основана на сопоставлении значений авторских индексов развития научно-образовательного пространства и высокотехнологичных производств. Расчеты показали, что кроме Москвы, Московской области и Санкт-Петербурга, занимающих центральное место в инновационной системе страны, на роль локальных центров инноваций могут претендовать регионы, занявшие первые 10-15 мест в построенном рейтинге, в том числе Нижегородская, Свердловская, Новосибирская области, Республика Татарстан. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в государственном управлении инновационным развитием субъектов РФ.Russia's transition to innovative development is required to ensure the sustainable competitive growth. At the same time, the share of the high-tech sector in innovation costs today is about 15 %. The study suggests ways to improve the system of innovation management in Russian regions. Analysis of modern theories on the organisation of regional innovation processes confirmed a hypothesis that innovation management should consider the regional innovation ecosystem as one of the key sustainable growth institutions. A proposed ecosystem approach states that regional innovation ecosystems in the context of globalisation depend on the coordinated goals of socio-economic and innovative development, differentiated approaches to their construction, sustainable flows of knowledge and technology, diversity and competition of participants. The research determined such priority directions of the state policy as the recognition of the lack of alternative to innovative development; creation of conditions for high-tech industries outside the established business structures; increase in budget research and development (R&D) expenditures; strengthening of self-organisation of science; stimulation of horizontal interactions between science and business. The presented differentiated approach to innovative strategies of Russian regions considers their production and technological specialisation, as well as the state of science and higher education. A described methodology for selecting the most promising regions for innovative transformations is based on a comparison of the values of the author's indices for the development of scientific and educational space and high-tech industries. The calculations show that, in addition to Moscow, Moscow oblast and Saint Petersburg that are already at the centre of the country's innovation system, regions occupying the first 10-15 positions in the constructed rating (Nizhny Novgorod, Sverdlovsk, Novosibirsk oblasts, Republic of Tatarstan, etc.) can also become local innovation centres. The obtained results can be used in the state innovation management of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.Статья подготовлена в соответствии с Планом НИР ФГБУН Института экономики УрО РАН на 2019–2021 гг.The article has been prepared in accordance with the plan of Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS for 2019–2021