Substantiating the Transformations in the Priorities of the Innovations and Technology Development of the Russian Regions amid the Global Crisis

The purpose of this research is to substantiate the necessity for Russia to adopt a neo-industrialization policy as a tool for overcoming the consequences of the global crisis. The research hypothesis assumes that the competitiveness of Russian regions in crisis conditions cannot be enhanced without transforming the regional innovation priorities with regard to modern science and technology developments, production demands for modernization and import substitution, and accelerated the formation of the high technology sector. The authors believe that one of the main reasons for the current structural crisis in Russia is ignoring the determining impact of the innovations and technology development on the country’s regional socio-economic systems as a whole. The verification of this hypothesis based on the analysis of the official statistics revealed a number of negative tendencies impeding the country in overcoming the crisis phenomena through accelerated development of modern technological paradigms: decreasing staff component and deteriorating quality of the Russian science, widening the gap between the financial support in Russia and developed countries, reducing opportunities for innovation business development, and a lack of motivation for manufacturers to engage in innovation activities. The authors substantiate the necessity to strengthen the state innovation policy for the recovery of Russia’s socio-economic situation. They propose a methodological approach to choosing the priorities of innovation support for the economic development of Russian regions based on a comprehensive review of the condition and challenges in the development of research potential, the region’s business environment, and its ability to master innovations. Calculations are made to assess the possibility of creating innovation activity centers in the Russian regions of various types aimed at increasing the specific weight of high-tech companies focused on the production of innovations to address import substitution and economy neo-industrialization tasks urgent for Russia. The authors developed their own methodology to evaluate the possibilities of forming various types of innovation activity centers in the Russian regions aimed at increasing the specific weight of the high-tech sector and creating domestic high-tech companies, and focused on the production of innovations to address import substitution and economy neo-industrialization tasks urgent for Russia. The article is addressed to innovation management experts.The article has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities, Project № 14–02–00331 "Innovation and Technology Development of the Region: Assessment, Projections, and Ways of Progressing"

Innovation and Technological Development of Industrial Regions Under Social and Economic Insecurity

The article is devoted to the identification of the characteristics and priorities of innovation and technological development in the industrial regions of the Russian Federation in the context of the ongoing global crisis. The authors come from the hypothesis that, in these circumstances, the strategy of innovative development of industrial regions, in order to ensure their sustainability and the creation of conditions for further growth, should be an integral part of their industrial policies and focus primarily on the modernization and improvement of technical and technological level of basic units. On the basis of the analysis of statistical data about the status of the innovation capacity in the Russian Federation, the authors have identified the root causes of the continuing backlog of advanced foreign countries by the level of innovative development (raw-material orientation of the Russian economy that enhances the technological dependence of the developed countries; insufficient financial support for innovation activities by the state; the orientation of innovation in imitation and borrowing). The necessity to take into account in the development and implementation of the socio-economic strategic regions of the Russian Federation and the close relationship between the industrial-technological and innovation component of social development is proved. In order to improve the effectiveness of regional development policies, the classification of Russian regions considering their industrial and technological specialization is proposed, the required elements and characteristics of effective innovation systems for each type of region are allocated. In the article, the proposals on measures of the state support for innovation development of industrial regions, with the aim of improving their sustainability and competitiveness in the face of geopolitical and economic uncertainty are determined. The article is addressed to professionals in the field of theory and practice in the management of innovative processes.The article has been prepared with the support of Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation, project 14–02–00331 Innovative and technological development of a region: assessment, forecasting, and ways of achievement»

Problems in increasing innovative sustainability of regional development

The article provides a comparative analysis of innovative and technological development in Russia and other countries. The paper shows that the innovation sector of the Russian Federation lags behind most developed and developing countries: Russia has almost left the market of high technologies, the main expenditures on innovations are incurred in the sectors of low and medium technology industries; the self-sufficiency in the Russian economy in a number of key types of manufacturing equipment is significantly below the threshold marks determined by national security requirements. The authors describe the differentiation of innovative development in the Russian regions. The study of Russian innovation space has revealed that there are fairly intensive processes of science decay on the periphery, which causes serious problems for the spread of innovative impulses across the country. The article elaborates the methodology for comprehensive assessment of innovative security in the region and presents the relevant calculations for the regions of the Ural Federal District (UFD). It identifies the factors of innovative sustainability that are the most critical for these regions. The authors present the forecast and built long-term forecast trajectories for the level of innovative security in UFD by using the modernized Hurst method. They define the main barriers to the innovative development of Russian regions. The article presents the methodological approaches to substantiating the priority areas for building the innovative systems of regions by taking into account the characteristics of their science and manufacturing complexes. The authors propose a methodology to formally assess the priority of establishing in the region the centers of innovative activity aimed at supporting the competitiveness of industries with different levels of technology intensity. The paper presents the results of calculations with regard to priority of establishing the centers of innovative activity aimed at supporting the development of industries with different level of technology intensity using the example of UFD, one of the leading Russian regions in terms of innovation and production capacity.The article has been supported by the Russian Humanitarian Science Foundation, Project 14-02-00331 “Innovative and technology development of the region: assessment, forecasting and ways of progressing”

Coordination of Regional Innovation Processes to Ensure the Technological Competitiveness of Russia

Although Russia has approximately 200 tools to support science and innovation, the observed innovative activity of Russian organisations of 12 % is 4-6 times lower than that of most technologically developed countries. Under international sanctions, it is necessary to enhance the innovative component of the country’s technological competitiveness. The study hypothesises that improvement of innovation processes management in Russian regions requires a transition to a holistic innovation policy aimed at harmonising regional science, technology and production to ensure technological sovereignty. The article refines the methodology and mechanisms of the Russian innovation policy. The author’s approach to the implementation of the mission-oriented innovation policy considering the specificity of Russian regions is described. The use of a layered innovation strategy is substantiated. Innovative activity should first be stimulated in regions with the highest development of science and technology industries; then, other regions should be gradually involved in innovation processes. The following indicators are considered while selecting regions: the number of R&D employees, shipping volume of high – and medium-tech enterprises, number of university students, fiscal capacity. Data of the Federal State Statistics Service are analysed. The rank method is used for a preliminary selection of 10 regions most suitable for implementing the developed approach (Moscow, St. Petersburg, the Republic of Tatarstan, Nizhny Novgorod, Sverdlovsk oblasts, etc.). The study presents innovation missions for these regions aimed to overcome the technological gap and reduce import dependence (innovative import substitution, circular economy, etc.). The findings can be used to improve innovation policy at the federal and regional levels. Future studies should focus on establishing theoretical and methodological foundations of a unified scientific and technological space in Russia.В России действует порядка 200 инструментов поддержки науки и инноваций, однако инновационная активность организаций составляет 12 %, что в 4-6 раз ниже, чем в большинстве технологически развитых стран. Международные санкции обостряют неотложность решения проблемы активизации инновационной составляющей технико-технологической конкурентоспособности страны. Гипотеза настоящего исследования заключается в том, что повышение эффективности управления инновационными процессами в российских регионах требует перехода к целостной инновационной политике, нацеленной на гармонизацию развития региональных научно-технологических и производственных комплексов в интересах обеспечения технологического суверенитета. Цель статьи — совершенствование методологии и механизмов государственной инновационной политики РФ. Раскрыт авторский подход к реализации основных идей инновационной политики, ориентированной на миссию, применительно к специфике российских регионов. Обоснована целесообразность использования в РФ эшелонированной инновационной стратегии. На первом этапе усилия должны быть направлены на стимулирование инновационной деятельности в регионах с наиболее высоким уровнем развития науки и высокотехнологичных производств с поэтапным вовлечением в инновационные процессы менее развитых регионов. При выборе регионов предлагается учитывать следующие показатели: численность занятых НИОКР, объем отгруженной продукции высокотехнологичными и среднетехнологичными высокого уровня предприятиями, численность студентов вузов, бюджетную обеспеченность. С использованием рангового метода на основе данных Росстата проведен предварительный выбор 10 регионов, имеющих наилучшие предпосылки для реализации данного подхода (Москва, Санкт-Петербург, Республика Татарстан, Нижегородская, Свердловская области и др.). Обоснованы актуальные инновационные миссии для этих регионов с учетом потребностей экономики в преодолении технологического отставания и снижении импортозависимости (инновационное импортозамещение, экономика замкнутого цикла и др.). Полученные результаты могут быть использованы при совершенствовании инновационной политики на федеральном и региональном уровнях. Одним из наиболее актуальных направлений дальнейших исследований является разработка теоретико-методологических основ формирования единого научно-технологического пространства России

Pairing of applicants’ CJM with university profile in digital environment as a management task

The work is devoted to the application of the Customer Journey Map (CJM) for university applicants and managerial tasks of adapting the profile of the university in the digital environment to the trajectories of the consumer. The author’s definition of the “profile of the university in the digital environment” concept is offered, the analysis of statistical data of university websites is made. The combination of classical studies of applicants’ motivation and factors influencing enrollment in a particular university with modern methods of studying consumer behavior in the digital environment allows to increase the effectiveness of the admission campaign. Customer Journey Map as an analysis tool, in conjunction with the data of network traffic allows to optimize all types of communications of the university and provide its management with necessary information when making managerial decisions. The research revealed an insignificant influence of the university social networks and thematic groups on the decision to enroll to a particular university, which what caused a deeper study of visitors’ behavior on the university websites. Internet traffic activity for a number of universities was assessed as direct requests, through search services, social networks, mail servers, as well as through referral links, and advertising traffic. The study showed that search engines and direct queries gave the maximum value for traffic. But the effectiveness of advertising to attract applicants is rather low, which indicates the insignificant role of university advertising and confirms the data of the survey in the construction of the Customer Journey Map

Differentiation of innovative development strategies of regions for improving the effectiveness of socio-economic policy in the Russian Federation

Цель исследования - разработка дифференцированного подхода к формированию региональных стратегий инновационного развития, позволяющего выстраивать более эффективную траекторию реализации инновационной парадигмы регионов РФ с учетом специфики их научно-технического, инновационного и производственно-технологического потенциалов. В статье проанализирован опыт инновационного развития зарубежных стран, показывающий необходимость учета региональных особенностей при разработке инновационных стратегий. Изучена динамика развития инновационного потенциала регионов РФ за последние 10 лет. Авторы полагают, что формирование и реализация эффективной адресной инновационной стратегии региона возможны только при условии ее тесной взаимосвязи с социально-экономической стратегией и обязательном решении проблем актуализации его научно-технического, технологического, образовательного потенциалов. Основные результаты. В ходе исследования выделено 4 главных критерия дифференциации инновационных стратегий, соответствие которым необходимо для повышения эффективности и действенности инновационной политики (взаимосвязь инновационных стратегий с соответствующими социально-экономическими стратегиями регионов, инновационно-технологическая специализация регионов, региональные потребности в инновационных преобразованиях на перспективу и формы организации инновационной деятельности). Проведен сравнительный анализ состояния инновационных и производственных возможностей и потребностей российских регионов, показывающий их существенные различия по численности занятых НИОКР, затратам на технологические инновации, объемам выпуска продукции обрабатывающими производствами и другим показателям. На основе этого анализа выделены 15 регионов, наиболее готовых к инновационным преобразованиям. В ходе исследования использовались методы сравнительного анализа, экономико-статистические методы, а также методы прогнозирования. Предложен алгоритм использования дифференцированного подхода в процессе стратегирования регионального инновационного развития. Сделан вывод: применение дифференцированного подхода к выбору инновационной стратегии территории будет способствовать повышению эффективности и адресности государственной инновационной политики за счет более полного и рационального использования имеющихся ресурсов и возможностей для укрепления внутренней устойчивости регионального сообщества. Статья адресована специалистам в области теории и практики управления инновационным развитием регионов.The study aims to develop a differentiated approach to the elaboration of innovative development strategies of Russian regions, which allows an effective implementation of innovative paradigms, considering the specificity of scientific and technical, innovative, and production and technological potential of regions. The analysis of international experience of innovative development illustrates the need to consider regional features when creating innovative strategies. We examined the dynamics of the innovative potential of Russian regions over the past decade. We hypothesise that an effective targeted innovative strategy of a region should be closely related to its socio-economic strategy, relying on the most relevant scientific, technological, and educational potential. We identified 4 main criteria for differentiating innovative strategies. These criteria application increases the effectiveness of innovation policies. These factors include the relationship of regional innovative strategies with relevant socioeconomic strategies, the innovation and technological specialisation of the regions, regional needs for innovative transformations for the future, and forms of innovation activity. A comparative analysis of innovation and production capabilities and needs of Russian regions showed significant differences in the number of people employed in research and development, technological innovation costs, manufacturing output and other indicators. Based on the analysis, we identified top 15 regions, which are the most innovation-ready. The study used comparative analysis methods, economic and statistical methods, and forecasting methods. We proposed an algorithm for using a differentiated approach for strategizing regional innovative development. Finally, we concluded that a differentiated approach to the development and implementation of innovative development strategies allows improving the efficiency and targeting of state innovation policy through more efficient use of available resources and opportunities to strengthen the sustainability of regional communities. The article is intended for experts in the field of theory and practise of managing the innovative development of regions.Статья подготовлена в соответствии с Планом НИР ФГБУН Института экономики УрО РАН на 2019–2021 гг.The article has been prepared in accordance with the plan of Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS for 2019-2021

Problems forming innovative-technological image of russian regions

In this paper, actual problems of innovative-technological image as a key element of the mechanism of the healing sources of socioeconomic development of the Russian regionsare considered. The author gives an assessment of the level of differentiation of subjects of the Russian Federation on the potential for innovative development. Trends in spatial transformations of the scientific and technical and innovation capacities of the country are analyzedand reasons of low innovational activity of Russian enterprises are disclosed. Basic conditions for the success of actions to create an attractive image of innovative-technological territory are formulated. Special attention is paid to the position of regions as participants in the innovational processes, creating preconditions for creativity, harmonization of spatial priorities of innovation, technological and socio-economic development, support for the development of new high-tech industries, improvement of inter-budgetary relations. There are proved priority areas of state policy to reduce barriers to the realization of an innovative paradigm for development of Russian society and effective inclusion of local communities in the implementation of innovative changes

Methodological problems in studies of regional development priorities of innovation

In the paper, methodological aspects of a choice of regional priorities of innovative development of the Russian regions are considered. The analysis of foreign and national experience of innovative measurement is carried out. Author's approach to validation of priorities of innovative development of the region based on the concept of favorable innovation climate formation is offered. The estimation system of the state and conditions of development of the scientific and innovative activity allowing to carry out the complex analysis of region’s advantages and disadvantages as the participant of innovation processes and to create a rather informative base for making reasonable decisions about the choice of the priority directions of innovative development is worked out. The index calculation results of innovation climate and Russian Federation regions' typification according to the level of innovative development are given. Availabilities of the offered tools when making decisions on the preferable specialization of the innovation activity centers forming in the regions are revealed

Problems of regional innovation strategy forming

The author considered problems and contradictions of modern innovation policy in Russia. It is shown, that at present time regions are removed from management of science-technical complex and spatial priorities are not produced. It is a serious factor of risk for conservation perspectives of innovation development for Russia. With taking into account of world experience main districts of rise effects regional police were formulated. It is underlined, that creation conditions for transformation of regional authorities in active subjects of innovation policy is necessary condition for building vital innovation system. It is shown, that state innovation policy must be constructed at combination of next principles: a) support science-technical potential of regions — generators of innovation and creation conditions for its realization; b) using of innovations for evening-out disproportions of social-economic development between regions; c) widening powers and financial possibilities of regions at management of innovation climate. Methodical approaches for making effective mechanisms of management of innovation processes of territory are opened. Typology of Russian regions with high and middle degree of innovation climate is proposed, which takes level of science and innovation potential of territory and also degree of comfort of social-economic conditions for development of innovation activity are offered. Peculiarities of innovation strategy for different types of regions are defined. This typology may be used for substantiation spatial priorities of innovation strategy of Russia