Features of projection surface locations in construction engineering in different countries

Engineering graphics is a real language that allows people from different countries to talk to each other, but today it is not universal. In this paper, the authors set out to identify differences in techniques and approaches to projecting objects onto different surfaces. Different countries use different systems, as well as with the International System of Units, which has been used successfully since the last century. The projection of detail in the European part of the world is significantly different than in the western hemisphere. The “European” method of projection formation assumes an opaque projection plane behind the projected object; the “American” method assumes that there is a transparent projection plane between the observer and the object, and the projection rays are directed towards the observer. An experiment was conducted in Russia to teach schoolchildren a particular system, which showed the complexity of the “American” projection system. In the future, countries that will enter a large agglomerate to solve global problems will benefit from creating a common projection standard that takes into account the views and interests of the world scientific and engineering community. This step will improve the speed of communication and design of new technical complexes, as well as eliminate possible mistakes when working in a large, multinational team

Company’s management in case of emergency and ecological disaster

Emergency is the violation of normal living conditions and activities of people at the facility and a certain territory that arose as a result of an accident, catastrophe, natural disaster, epidemic, as well as the use of modern weapons by the enemy, which led to human casualties, damage to health and the environment, material losses. This article discusses the management of the work of enterprises and organizations in emergency, problems associated with natural emergencies (natural disasters). Emergency management involves the creation of a system consisting of a number of subsystems. The authors analyse the possible ways of solution the problem of the company’s management in emergency

Insights into Sustainable Glucose Oxidation Using Magnetically Recoverable Biocatalysts

Here, we developed magnetically recoverable biocatalysts for enzymatic oxidation of d-glucose to d-gluconic acid with high product yields. The catalyst support is based on nanoparticle clusters (NPCs) composed of magnetite particles and coated with the amino terminated silica layer to facilitate further functionalization. It involves the attachment of the glutaraldehyde linker followed by the covalent attachment of glucose oxidase (GOx) via its amino groups. It was established that the NPCs with a diameter of ∼430 nm attach 33% more GOx molecules than NPCs with a diameter of ∼285 nm, although the surface area of the former is lower than that of the latter. At the same time, the biocatalyst based on the smaller NPCs shows higher relative activity of 94% than that (87%) of the biocatalyst based on the larger NPCs, both at 50 °C and pH 7 (optimal reaction conditions). This surprising result has been explained by a combination of two major factors such as GOx crowding on the support surface which should prevent denaturation (similar to the enzyme behavior in cells) and the enzyme mobility which should be preserved upon immobilization. Apparently, for the biocatalyst based on 285 nm NPCs, the lower GOx crowding is compensated by its higher mobility. The high stability of these GOx based biocatalysts in 10 consecutive reactions as well as facile magnetic recovery combined with excellent catalytic activity in “tolerant” pH range make this biocatalyst design promising for other types of enzymatic catalysts

Immobilized glucose oxidase on magnetic silica and alumina: Beyond magnetic separation

Here we report immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) on magnetic silica (Fe3O4-SiO2) and alumina (Fe3O4-Al2O3) functionalized with amino groups using glutaraldehyde as a linker. Magnetic support based biocatalysts demonstrate high catalytic activity in d-glucose oxidation to D-gluconic acid at pH 5–7.5 and temperature of 30–50 °C with the best activities of 95% and 91% for magnetic silica and alumina, respectively. A comparison of magnetic and non-magnetic alumina and silica shows a significant enhancement of the relative catalytic activity for magnetic supports, while the silica based biocatalysts show a higher activity than the biocatalysts based on alumina. A noticeably higher activity of GOx immobilized on magnetic supports is explained by synergy of the GOx inherent activity and enzyme-like activity of iron oxide nanoparticles, while the enhancement with silica based catalysts is most likely due to a larger pore size and stronger Brønsted acid sites. Excellent relative activity of Fe3O4-SiO2-GOx (95% of native GOx) in a tolerant pH and temperature range as well as high stability in a repeated use (6% relative activity loss after five catalytic cycles) makes this catalyst promising for practical applications

Insights into Sustainable Glucose Oxidation Using Magnetically Recoverable Biocatalysts

Here, we developed magnetically recoverable biocatalysts for enzymatic oxidation of d-glucose to d-gluconic acid with high product yields. The catalyst support is based on nanoparticle clusters (NPCs) composed of magnetite particles and coated with the amino terminated silica layer to facilitate further functionalization. It involves the attachment of the glutaraldehyde linker followed by the covalent attachment of glucose oxidase (GOx) via its amino groups. It was established that the NPCs with a diameter of ∼430 nm attach 33% more GOx molecules than NPCs with a diameter of ∼285 nm, although the surface area of the former is lower than that of the latter. At the same time, the biocatalyst based on the smaller NPCs shows higher relative activity of 94% than that (87%) of the biocatalyst based on the larger NPCs, both at 50 °C and pH 7 (optimal reaction conditions). This surprising result has been explained by a combination of two major factors such as GOx crowding on the support surface which should prevent denaturation (similar to the enzyme behavior in cells) and the enzyme mobility which should be preserved upon immobilization. Apparently, for the biocatalyst based on 285 nm NPCs, the lower GOx crowding is compensated by its higher mobility. The high stability of these GOx based biocatalysts in 10 consecutive reactions as well as facile magnetic recovery combined with excellent catalytic activity in “tolerant” pH range make this biocatalyst design promising for other types of enzymatic catalysts