The cos⁡2ϕ\cos2\phi azimuthal asymmetry of unpolarized dilepton production at the ZZ-pole

We calculate the Boer-Mulders effect contribution to the $\cos2\phi$ azimuthal asymmetry of unpolarized dilepton production near the $Z$-pole. Based on the tree-level expression in the transverse momentum dependent factorization framework, we show that the corresponding asymmetry near the $Z$-pole is negative, which is opposite to the asymmetry in the low $Q^2$ region, dominated by the production via a virtual photon. We calculate the asymmetry generated by the Boer-Mulders effect near the $Z$-pole at RHIC, with $\sqrt{s}=500$ GeV. We find that the magnitude of the asymmetry is several percent, and therefore it is measurable. The experimental confirmation of this sign change of the asymmetry from the low $Q^2$ region to the $Z$-pole provides direct evidence of the chiral odd structure of quarks inside an unpolarized nucleon.Comment: comments and references added, journal versio

Learning in the Repeated Secretary Problem

In the classical secretary problem, one attempts to find the maximum of an unknown and unlearnable distribution through sequential search. In many real-world searches, however, distributions are not entirely unknown and can be learned through experience. To investigate learning in such a repeated secretary problem we conduct a large-scale behavioral experiment in which people search repeatedly from fixed distributions. In contrast to prior investigations that find no evidence for learning in the classical scenario, in the repeated setting we observe substantial learning resulting in near-optimal stopping behavior. We conduct a Bayesian comparison of multiple behavioral models which shows that participants' behavior is best described by a class of threshold-based models that contains the theoretically optimal strategy. Fitting such a threshold-based model to data reveals players' estimated thresholds to be surprisingly close to the optimal thresholds after only a small number of games

Flexible Parametrization of Generalized Parton Distributions: The Chiral-Odd Sector

We present a physically motivated parameterization of the chiral-odd generalized parton distributions. The parametrization is an extension of our previous one in the chiral-even sector which was based on the reggeized diquark model. While for chiral even generalized distributions a quantitative fit with uncertainty estimation can be performed using deep inelastic scattering data, nucleon electromagnetic, axial and pseudoscalar form factors measurements, and all available deeply virtual Compton scattering data, the chiral-odd sector is far less constrained. While awaiting the analysis of measurements on pseudoscalar mesons exclusive electroproduction which are key for the extraction of chiral odd GPDs, we worked out a connection between the chiral-even and chiral-odd reduced helicity amplitudes using Parity transformations. The connection works for a class of models including two-components models. This relation allows us to estimate the size of the various chiral odd contributions and it opens the way for future quantitative fits.Comment: 35 pages, 18 figures, text changes, corrected typos, added fig.

The 3-D world modeling with updating capability based on combinatorial geometry

A 3-D world modeling technique using range data is discribed. Range data quantify the distances from the sensor focal plane to the object surface, i.e., the 3-D coordinates of discrete points on the object surface are known. The approach proposed herein for 3-D world modeling is based on the Combinatorial Geometry (CG) method which is widely used in Monte Carlo particle transport calculations. First, each measured point on the object surface is surrounded by a small sphere with a radius determined by the range to that point. Then, the 3-D shapes of the visible surfaces are obtained by taking the (Boolean) union of all the spheres. The result is an unambiguous representation of the object's boundary surfaces. The pre-learned partial knowledge of the environment can be also represented using the CG Method with a relatively small amount of data. Using the CG type of representation, distances in desired directions to boundary surfaces of various objects are efficiently calculated. This feature is particularly useful for continuously verifying the world model against the data provided by a range finder, and for integrating range data from successive locations of the robot during motion. The efficiency of the proposed approach is illustrated by simulations of a spherical robot in a 3-D room in the presence of moving obstacles and inadequate prelearned partial knowledge of the environment

Lambda polarization in pp -> p\Lambda K^+ \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^-

We show that there is a correlation between the invariant mass of the produced \Lambda K^+, \Lambda K^+\pi^+\pi^- or \Lambda K^+ \pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^- system in the exclusive reaction pp\to p\Lambda K^+\pi^+\pi^-\pi^+\pi^- and the longitudinal or transverse momentum of $\Lambda$. Together with the longitudinal and transverse momentum dependence of Lambda polarization observed in inclusive reactions, such a correlation implies a dependence of Lambda polarization on these invariant masses. The qualitative features of this dependence are consistent with the recent observation by E766 collaboration at BNL. A quantitative estimation has been made using an event generator for $pp$ collisions. A detailed comparison with the data is made.Comment: 10 pages with 3 figures, submitted to J. Phys.

One way to Characterize the compact structures of lattice protein model

On the study of protein folding, our understanding about the protein structures is limited. In this paper we find one way to characterize the compact structures of lattice protein model. A quantity called Partnum is given to each compact structure. The Partnum is compared with the concept Designability of protein structures emerged recently. It is shown that the highly designable structures have, on average, an atypical number of local degree of freedom. The statistical property of Partnum and its dependence on sequence length is also studied.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figure

Quantum Mechanics of Extended Objects

We propose a quantum mechanics of extended objects that accounts for the finite extent of a particle defined via its Compton wavelength. The Hilbert space representation theory of such a quantum mechanics is presented and this representation is used to demonstrate the quantization of spacetime. The quantum mechanics of extended objects is then applied to two paradigm examples, namely, the fuzzy (extended object) harmonic oscillator and the Yukawa potential. In the second example, we theoretically predict the phenomenological coupling constant of the $\omega$ meson, which mediates the short range and repulsive nucleon force, as well as the repulsive core radius.Comment: RevTex, 24 pages, 1 eps and 5 ps figures, format change

Friedel oscillations in disordered quantum wires: Influence of e-e interactions on the localization length

The Friedel oscillations caused due to an impurity located at one edge of a disordered interacting quantum wire are calculated numerically. The electron density in the system's ground state is determined using the DMRG method, and the Friedel oscillations data is extracted using the density difference between the case in which the wire is coupled to an impurity and the case where the impurity is uncoupled. We show that the power law decay of the oscillations occurring for an interacting clean 1D samples described by Luttinger liquid theory, is multiplied by an exponential decay term due to the disorder. Scaling of the average Friedel oscillations by this exponential term collapses the disordered samples data on the clean results. We show that the length scale governing the exponential decay may be associated with the Anderson localization length and thus be used as a convenient way to determine the dependence of the localization length on disorder and interactions. The localization length decreases as a function of the interaction strength, in accordance with previous predictions.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure

Acoustic and aerodynamic performance of a 6-foot-diameter fan for turbofan engines. 2 - Performance of QF-1 fan in nacelle without acoustic suppression

Low noise turbofan engine without aerodynamic blade loadin