Perceived orientation, spatial layout and the geometry of pictures

The purpose is to discuss the role of geometry in determining the perception of spatial layout and perceived orientation in pictures viewed at an angle. This discussion derives from Cutting's (1988) suggestion, based on his analysis of some of the author's data (Goldstein, 1987), that the changes in perceived orientation that occur when pictures are viewed at an angle can be explained in terms of geometrically produced changes in the picture's virtual space

Ion mass spectrometer

An ion mass spectrometer is described which detects and indicates the characteristics of ions received over a wide angle, and which indicates the mass to charge ratio, the energy, and the direction of each detected ion. The spectrometer includes a magnetic analyzer having a sector magnet that passes ions received over a wide angle, and an electrostatic analyzer positioned to receive ions passing through the magnetic analyzer. The electrostatic analyzer includes a two dimensional ion sensor at one wall of the analyzer chamber, that senses not only the lengthwise position of the detected ion to indicate its mass to charge ratio, but also detects the ion position along the width of the chamber to indicate the direction in which the ion was traveling

Generation of instability waves at a leading edge

Two cases are considered. The first is concerned with mean flows of the Blasius type wherein the instabilities are represented by Tollmien-Schlichting waves. It is shown that the latter are generated fairly far downstream of the edge and are the result of a wave length reduction process that tunes the free stream disturbances to the Tollmien-Schlichting wave length. The other case is concerned with inflectional, uni-directional, transversely sheared mean flows. Such idealized flows provide a fairly good local representation to the nearly parallel flows in jets. They can support inviscid instabilities of the Kelvin-Helmholtz type. The various mathematically permissible mechanisms that can couple these instabilities to the upstream disturbances are discussed

Structure of the Group of Balanced Labelings on Graphs, its Subgroups and Quotient Groups

We discuss functions from edges and vertices of an undirected graph to an Abelian group. Such functions, when the sum of their values along any cycle is zero, are called balanced labelings. The set of balanced labelings forms an Abelian group. We study the structure of this group and the structure of two closely related to it groups: the subgroup of balanced labelings which consists of functions vanishing on vertices and the corresponding factor-group. This work is completely self-contained, except the algorithm for obtaining the 3-edge-connected components of an undirected graph, for which we make appropriate references to the literature.Comment: 22 page

Coffee stains, cell receptors, and time crystals: Lessons from the old literature

Perhaps the most important reason to understand the deep history of a field is that it is the right thing to do.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Reusable silica surface-insulation material

Material was specifically developed for manufacture of insulating tiles, but it can be molded into other shapes as required. Basic raw materials are high-purity silica fiber, fumed-silica powder, and reagent-grade starch. Only purest materials are used, and care must be taken to avoid contamination during processing