14,833 research outputs found
Selective excitation of homogeneous spectral lines
It is possible, for homogeneously broadened lines, to excite selectively the
response signals, which are orders of magnitude narrower than the original
lines. The new type of echo, which allows detecting such signals, and the
formalism, useful for understanding the phenomenon, as well as the experimental
examples from NMR spectroscopy are presented.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure
Open charm tomography of cold nuclear matter
We study the relative contribution of partonic sub-processes to D meson
production and D meson-triggered inclusive di-hadrons to lowest order in
perturbative QCD. While gluon fusion dominates the creation of large angle
DD-bar pairs, charm on light parton scattering determines the yield of single
inclusive D mesons. The distinctly different non-perturbative fragmentation of
c quarks into D mesons versus the fragmentation of quarks and gluons into light
hadrons results in a strong transverse momentum dependence of anticharm content
of the away-side charm-triggered jet. In p+A reactions, we calculate and resum
the coherent nuclear-enhanced power corrections from the final state partonic
scattering in the medium. We find that single and double inclusive open charm
production can be suppressed as much as the yield of neutral pions from
dynamical high-twist shadowing. Effects of energy loss in p+A collisions are
also investigated phenomenologically and may lead to significantly weaker
transverse momentum dependence of the nuclear attenuation.Comment: 24 pages, 21 figure
Hot Electron Effects in the 2D Superconductor-Insulator Transition
The parallel magnetic field tuned two-dimensional superconductor-insulator
transition has been investigated in ultrathin films of amorphous Bi. The
resistance is found to be independent of temperature on both sides of the
transition below approximately 120 mK. Several observations suggest that this
regime is not intrinsically "metallic" but results from the failure of the
films' electrons to cool. The onset of this temperature-independent regime can
be moved to higher temperatures by either increasing the measuring current or
the level of electromagnetic noise. Temperature scaling is successful above 120
mK. Electric field scaling can be mapped onto temperature scaling by relating
the electric fields to elevated electron temperatures. These results cast doubt
on the existence of an intrinsic metallic regime and on the independent
determination of the correlation length and dynamical critical exponents
obtained by combining the results of electric field and temperature scaling.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Electrostatic Tuning of the Superconductor-Insulator Transition in Two Dimensions
Superconductivity has been induced in insulating ultra-thin films of
amorphous bismuth using the electric field effect. The screening of
electron-electron interaction was found to increase with electron concentration
in a manner correlated with the tendency towards superconductivity. This does
not preclude an increase in the density of states being important in the
development of superconductivity. The superconductor-insulator transition
appears to belong to the universality class of the three dimensional XY model.Comment: Four pages, three figures. Revised slightly to reflect referees'
comment
Neutrino masses or new interactions
Recent proposals to study the mass of the "electron" neutrino at a
sensitivity of 0.3 eV can be used to place limits on the right handed and
scalar charged currents at a level which improves on the present experimental
limits. Indeed the neglect of the possibility of such interactions can lead to
the inference of an incorrect value for the mass, as we illustrate.Comment: 12 pages and 3 figures. Contributed to the XX International Symposium
on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies, Rome, July 2001, and to
the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Budapest,
July 2001. Preprint numbers added, misprints correcte
Neutrino clustering and the Z-burst model
The possibility that the observed Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays are generated
by high energy neutrinos creating "Z-bursts" in resonant interactions with the
background neutrinos has been proposed, but there are difficulties in
generating enough events with reasonable incident neutrino fluxes.
We point out that this difficulty is overcome if the background neutrinos
have coalesced into "neutrino clouds" --- a possibility previously suggested by
some of us in another context. The limitations that this mechanism for the
generation of UHECRs places on the high energy neutrino flux, on the masses of
the background neutrinos and the characteristics of the neutrino clouds are
spelled out.Comment: 13 pages and 3 figures. Contributed to the XX International Symposium
on Lepton and Photon Interactions at High Energies, Rome, July 2001, and to
the International Europhysics Conference on High Energy Physics, Budapest,
July 2001. Preprint numbers added, misprints correcte
REIFENBERG FLATNESS FOR ALMOST MINIMIZERS OF THE PERIMETER UNDER MINIMAL ASSUMPTIONS
The aim of this note is to prove that almost minimizers of the perimeter are Reifenberg flat, for a very weak notion of minimality. The main observation is that smallness of the excess at some scale implies smallness of the excess at all smaller scales
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