REHABILITATION DESIGN METHODOLOGY FOR HAUL ROADS ASSOCIATED WITH A WIND FARM DEVELOPMENT IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

ABSTRACT This paper describes the impact of very heavy vehicles carrying wind turbine components on haul roads and the rehabilitation design methodology that was used for the haul roads located in the Town of Lakeshore in Southwestern Ontario. A wind farm consisting of 72 turbines was constructed in the Town. For the construction of the wind farm, number of turbine components were hauled on a network of rural low-volume roads. The original design and construction of these low-volume roads did not take in to consideration the large wheel loads that would be applied by the wind farm haul traffic. Therefore, the Town of Lakeshore commissioned a study to accomplish the following: • Establish baseline conditions of the roads along the proposed haul route; • Evaluate the pavement condition of the roads after the passage of the haul traffic; • Comparison of the baseline and post-haul pavement condition; and • Rehabilitation recommendations for the roads along the haul route. Pavement condition is typically classified based on four criteria: visual distresses; structural capacity; safety (typically skid resistance); and roughness. For the purpose of this investigation only the first two criteria were used to characterize the condition of the pavement. A pavement condition survey was done for the roads along the haul route both before and after the haul traffic. The pavement structural condition was evaluated by carrying out Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) load/deflection testing. The FWD testing was carried out to determine the baseline structural capacity of the roads and subsequently to quantitatively determine the potential loss in structural capacity due to the haul traffic. FWD data was analyzed to determine the normalized deflection and pavement surface modulus. The normalized deflections were then utilized to determine the remaining life of the pavement. Rehabilitation recommendations were provided for each section of roads along the haul route by combining visual distress observations and comparison of the baseline and post-haul pavement structural condition. The study found that although some of the haul roads experienced significant deterioration after the haul period, still others were found to have adequate bearing capacity and no significant development of visual distresses after the haul period had been completed

Road Utility Cuts and Repairs -Applying Keyhole Technology

ABSTRACT In the early 1990s a major gas utility company in Ontario began the development of keyhole technology using long-handled tools to allow operations such as cast iron pipe leak repairs, service reconnections and the installation of cathodic protection, to be undertaken through a 450 mm diameter core hole in the pavement. This avoided the need for conventional open road cuts and reinstatement. To further enhance the benefits of this technology, a program of laboratory testing and field trials were undertaken in the City of Toronto (City) to allow efficient core removal, followed by vacuum excavation and finally a system that would allow the removed core to be used to permanently reinstate the pavement. Laboratory trials were undertaken on 20 potential bonding agents to identify a product that would be fast-setting with rapid strength gain so that repaired pavements could be opened to traffic in less than an hour. The cementitious bonding compound which was specially designed for the process was used on a number of field trials in the City. The reinstated cores were monitored for performance over a seven year period in sections of composite pavement. Based on the results of these trials, the procedure was approved for use in the City as a permanent utility cut repair. This keyhole technology and core reinstatement technology is now used widely throughout North America by gas utility companies. The cost savings are significant. In 2010, one utility company undertook some 4,500 keyhole cores and reinstatements, with an estimated cost savings of over $4 million when compared to conventional open cut procedures. In addition, with the reduction in materials, equipment time, and less traffic disruption, the sustainability benefits of this technology are significant. In some instances, the road can be re-opened to traffic within 30 minutes of the repair. This paper will review the development of this technology, other areas of application, and the benefits it offers in terms of providing a faster, better and more sustainable method for utility repair and maintenance

Pavement Preservation -Effective Way of Dealing with Scarce Maintenance Budget

ABSTRACT Pavement preservation involves minimizing the destructive impact of climate and traffic by the regular or intermittent timely application of remedial treatments to the pavement. Pavement preservation system should include: pavement management system (PMS); long-term network planning; optimization; costeffective decision making; and sustainable financing. Objective measurement of pavement performance is required to determine the appropriate treatment. Preventive treatment of asphalt pavements used in Ontario include: crack sealing; crack filling; fog seals and rejuvenating seals; chip seals; slurry seal; cape seal; microsurfacing; non-structural HMA overlay; surface milling and non-structural overlay; cold in-place surface recycling; and hot in-place HMA recycling. Emerging technologies include Nova Chip and Metro Mat TM , for instance. This paper first discusses the traditional mindset of many road authorities and how it cannot handle the current needs of road users and the growing concerns of scarce maintenance budget. Next, the concept of pavement preservation is introduced, as well as what separates it from common preventive maintenance practices. A short review of the current preventive treatments used in Ontario is then provided. Examples of successful pavement preservation adopted by municipalities and road authorities in Ontario and in the US are also given. The paper concludes by discussing the issue of how road authorities can move forward with this correct approach

Geotechnical site assessment methodology A joint research programme with the Building Research Establishment volume 1

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Geotechnical site assessment methodology Volume 1; main report

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Computer programs for the numerical modelling of water flow in rock masses A joint research programme with the Building Research Establishment

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Geotechnical site assessment methodology Volume 2; appendices

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