More on Five Dimensional EVH Black Rings

In this paper we continue our analysis of arXiv:1308.1478[hep-th] and study in detail the parameter space of three families of doubly spinning black ring solutions: balanced black ring, unbalanced ring and dipole-charged balanced black rings. In all these three families the Extremal Vanishing Horizon (EVH) ring appears in the vanishing limit of the dimensionful parameter of the solution which measures the ring size. We study the near horizon limit of the EVH black rings and for all three cases we find a (pinching orbifold) AdS$_3$ throat with the AdS$_3$ radius $\ell^2=8 G_5 M/(3\pi)$ where $M$ is the ring mass and $G_5$ is the 5d Newton constant. We also discuss the near horizon limit of near-EVH black rings and show that the AdS$_3$ factor is replaced with a generic BTZ black hole. We use these results to extend the EVH/CFT correspondence for black rings, a 2d CFT dual to near-EVH black rings.Comment: 30 page

Neural Systems Of Dysfluent Reading In Childhood: Anatomical And Functional Regions Of Interest

Dyslexia is an unexpected difficulty in learning to read. Dyslexics experience difficulty parsing a written word\u27s phonology. Although impairment of phonology is the cardinal feature of dyslexia, dyslexics may also be identified by slow, laborious, and inefficient reading of text (dysfluency). Dysfluent readers can be divided into those who have attained adequate skill in decoding, and those who lack both decoding accuracy and fluency. This study of 144 right handed children: (67 girls and 77 boys; ages 7-12 years, mean 9.0 years) is the first fMRI study to compare the neural pathways related to reading in dyslexics identified using dysfluency criteria. I focused my research on the design of anatomical Regions of Interest (ROIs) to compare their usefulness in localizing brain activation patterns in reading to the standard approach using functional ROIs. We hypothesize that the neural systems of reading differ in nonimpaired and dysfluent readers and that dysfluent readers who are accurate decoders may engage neural systems that differ systematically from their counterparts who are dysfluent and inaccurate decoders

Regular Black Holes: Entropy Products and Central Charges

In this paper for variety types of regular black hole solutions, we investigate the entropy product of inner and outer horizons. Similar to singular black holes, for the regular ones we find that universality (mass independence) of the entropy product is true for some solutions and it fails for some others. In the case of regular black holes that respect the universality, we read central charges of the dual CFTs from the entropy product, according to the Thermodynamics method introduced in \cite{Chen:2013rb}. For these solutions we also calculate central charges, using the asymptotic symmetry group formalism. The results of these two approaches are the same, which means that universality of the entropy product provides a simple method to find central charges of the dual CFTs.Comment: minor correction

Remote sensing of land resources: application of LANDSAT satellite imagery

LANDSAT satellite images were used to study the major factors which affect water consumption by irrigation in west-central Iowa. These factors are soil moisture, area under irrigation, and crop types. Once the monitoring system of these factors has been established, the amount of water withdrawn for supplementary irrigation can be estimated. The use of the microdensitometer and measurement of image reflectivity was emphasized in the soil moisture portion. The results from this part indicated that there is a linear relation between the measured reflectivity from the LANDSAT image and the generalized surface soil moisture;Applying a simple manual interpretation method of black and white and false color composite prints and transparencies, both irrigated lands and crop types were identified. The main instrument used in this part was the Zoom Transfer Scope. The results for both experiments were promising and supported the methods of interpretation. Examination of the methods introduced in this study showed that the manual interpretation of LANDSAT imagery is a low-cost and easy approach to monitor the irrigated areas and the crop types

Time Travel in LLMs: Tracing Data Contamination in Large Language Models

Data contamination, i.e., the presence of test data from downstream tasks in the training data of large language models (LLMs), is a potential major issue in understanding LLMs' effectiveness on other tasks. We propose a straightforward yet effective method for identifying data contamination within LLMs. At its core, our approach starts by identifying potential contamination in individual instances that are drawn from a small random sample; using this information, our approach then assesses if an entire dataset partition is contaminated. To estimate contamination of individual instances, we employ "guided instruction:" a prompt consisting of the dataset name, partition type, and the initial segment of a reference instance, asking the LLM to complete it. An instance is flagged as contaminated if the LLM's output either exactly or closely matches the latter segment of the reference. To understand if an entire partition is contaminated, we propose two ideas. The first idea marks a dataset partition as contaminated if the average overlap score with the reference instances (as measured by ROUGE or BLEURT) is statistically significantly better with the guided instruction vs. a general instruction that does not include the dataset and partition name. The second idea marks a dataset as contaminated if a classifier based on GPT-4 with in-context learning prompting marks multiple instances as contaminated. Our best method achieves an accuracy between 92% and 100% in detecting if an LLM is contaminated with seven datasets, containing train and test/validation partitions, when contrasted with manual evaluation by human expert. Further, our findings indicate that GPT-4 is contaminated with AG News, WNLI, and XSum datasets.Comment: v1 preprin