10 research outputs found
Electrically Driven White Light Emission from Intrinsic Metal–Organic Framework
Light-emitting
diodes (LEDs) have drawn tremendous potential as
a replacement of traditional lighting due to its low-power consumption
and longer lifetime. Nowadays, the practical white LEDs (WLED) are
contingent on the photon down-conversion of phosphors containing rare-earth
elements, which limits its utility, energy, and cost efficiency. In
order to resolve the energy crisis and to address the environmental
concerns, designing a direct WLED is highly desirable and remains
a challenging issue. To circumvent the existing difficulties, in this
report, we have designed and demonstrated a direct WLED consisting
of a strontium-based metal–organic framework (MOF), {[SrÂ(ntca)Â(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]·H<sub>2</sub>O}<sub><i>n</i></sub> (<b>1</b>), graphene, and inorganic semiconductors,
which can generate a bright white light emission. In addition to the
suitable design of a MOF structure, the demonstration of electrically
driven white light emission based on a MOF is made possible by the
combination of several factors including the unique properties of
graphene and the appropriate band alignment between the MOF and semiconductor
layer. Because electroluminescence using a MOF as an active material
is very rare and intriguing and a direct WLED is also not commonly
seen, our work here therefore represents a major discovery which should
be very useful and timely for the development of solid-state lighting
Electrically Driven White Light Emission from Intrinsic Metal–Organic Framework
Light-emitting
diodes (LEDs) have drawn tremendous potential as
a replacement of traditional lighting due to its low-power consumption
and longer lifetime. Nowadays, the practical white LEDs (WLED) are
contingent on the photon down-conversion of phosphors containing rare-earth
elements, which limits its utility, energy, and cost efficiency. In
order to resolve the energy crisis and to address the environmental
concerns, designing a direct WLED is highly desirable and remains
a challenging issue. To circumvent the existing difficulties, in this
report, we have designed and demonstrated a direct WLED consisting
of a strontium-based metal–organic framework (MOF), {[SrÂ(ntca)Â(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]·H<sub>2</sub>O}<sub><i>n</i></sub> (<b>1</b>), graphene, and inorganic semiconductors,
which can generate a bright white light emission. In addition to the
suitable design of a MOF structure, the demonstration of electrically
driven white light emission based on a MOF is made possible by the
combination of several factors including the unique properties of
graphene and the appropriate band alignment between the MOF and semiconductor
layer. Because electroluminescence using a MOF as an active material
is very rare and intriguing and a direct WLED is also not commonly
seen, our work here therefore represents a major discovery which should
be very useful and timely for the development of solid-state lighting
Whispering Gallery Mode Lasing from Self-Assembled Hexagonal Perovskite Single Crystals and Porous Thin Films Decorated by Dielectric Spherical Resonators
Lasing
in self-assembled hybrid organic–inorganic lead halide
perovskites semiconductors has attained intensive research for low
cost and high performance optoelectronic devices due to their inherent
outstanding optical response. However, to achieve the controllable
laser action from a small single crystal remains as a challenging
issue. Here, we present a novel technique to fabricate self-assembled
high-quality hexagonal perovskite single crystals for realizing room-temperature
near-infrared whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) laser action. Quite interestingly,
the lasing spectrum for an individual CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> hexagonal single crystals encompasses the aspects
of high quality factor (<i>Q</i>) and low threshold WGM
lasing around 1200 and 26.8 μJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively.
In addition, we demonstrate that when the porous perovskite thin films
were decorated with dielectric spheres, the laser oscillation can
be achieved through the coupling of WGM with perovskite gain material.
We found that the lasing spectra can be well manipulated by the size
of hexagonal single crystals and SiO<sub>2</sub> spheres. Moreover,
the discovered laser action and chemical stability of hexagonal single
crystal perovskites not only render them significant practical use
in highly efficient near-infrared emitting devices for laser photonics,
solid-state lighting, and display applications, but also provide a
potential extension toward various optoelectronic devices
Highly Stretchable and Sensitive Photodetectors Based on Hybrid Graphene and Graphene Quantum Dots
Stretchable
devices possess great potential in a wide range of applications, such
as biomedical and wearable gadgets and smart skin, which can be integrated
with the human body. Because of their excellent flexibility, two-dimensional
(2D) materials are expected to play an important role in the fabrication
of stretchable devices. However, only a limited number of reports
have been devoted to investigating stretchable devices based on 2D
materials, and the stretchabilities were restricted in a very small
strain. Moreover, there is no report related to the stretchable photodetectors
derived from 2D materials. Herein, we demonstrate a highly stretchable
and sensitive photodetector based on hybrid graphene and graphene
quantum dots (GQDs). A unique rippled structure of polyÂ(dimethylsiloxane)
is used to support the graphene layer, which can be stretched under
an external strain far beyond published reports. The ripple of the
device can overcome the native stretchability limit of graphene and
enhance the carrier generation in GQDs due to multiple reflections
of photons between the ripples. Our strategy presented here can be
extended to many other material systems, including other 2D materials.
It therefore paves a key step for the development of stretchable electronics
and optical devices
Semiconductor Behavior of a Three-Dimensional Strontium-Based Metal–Organic Framework
The self-assembly of a three-dimensional
strontium-based metal–organic framework [SrÂ(Hbtc)Â(H<sub>2</sub>O)]<sub><i>n</i></sub> (<b>1</b>) was achieved through
the reaction of SrÂ(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> with a 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic
acid (1,2,4-H<sub>3</sub>btc) ligand under hydrothermal conditions.
This Sr-based metal–organic framework exhibits remarkable semiconducting
behavior, as evidenced by theoretical calculations and experimental
measurements. Temperature-dependent DC conductivity, near-room-temperature
AC conductivity, diffuse reflection spectra, and photoluminescence
spectra provide strong proof that compound <b>1</b> shows a
band gap of 2.3 eV, which is comparable to that for other commonly
available semiconducting materials (e.g., CdSe, CdTe, ZnTe, GaP, etc.).
The optimized molecular structure and electronic properties (density
of states and band gap energy) of <b>1</b> were calculated using
density functional theory, and the results are consistent with experimental
findings. This is the first report on the semiconducting properties
of a strontium-based MOF, which will pave the way for further studies
in semiconducting MOFs with interesting potential applications in
optoelectronic devices
Chiral Light Emission from a Hybrid Magnetic Molecule–Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Heterostructure
Hybrid
layered materials assembled from atomically thin crystals
and small molecules bring great promises in pushing the current information
and quantum technologies beyond the frontiers. We demonstrate here
a class of layered valley–spin hybrid (VSH) materials composed
of a monolayer two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor and double-decker
single molecule magnets (SMMs). We have materialized a VSH prototype
by thermal evaporation of terbium bis-phthalocyanine onto a MoS2 monolayer and revealed its composition and stability by both
microscopic and spectroscopic probes. The interaction of the VSH components
gives rise to the intersystem crossing of the photogenerated carriers
and moderate p-doping of the MoS2 monolayer, as corroborated
by the density functional theory calculations. We further explored
the valley contrast by helicity-resolved photoluminescence (PL) microspectroscopy
carried out down to liquid helium temperatures and in the presence
of the external magnetic field. The most striking feature of the VSH
is the enhanced A exciton-related valley emission
observed at the out-of-resonance condition at room temperature, which
we elucidated by the proposed nonradiative energy drain transfer mechanism.
Our study thus demonstrates the experimental feasibility and great
promises of the ultrathin VSH materials with chiral light emission,
operable by physical fields for emerging opto-spintronic, valleytronic,
and quantum information concepts
Integration of Nanoscale Light Emitters and Hyperbolic Metamaterials: An Efficient Platform for the Enhancement of Random Laser Action
Hyperbolic metamaterials have emerged
as novel materials with exciting
functionalities, especially for optoelectronic devices. Here, we provide
the first attempt to integrate hyperbolic metamaterials with light
emitting nanostructures, which enables to strongly enhance random
laser action with reduced lasing threshold. Interestingly, the differential
quantum efficiency can be enhanced by more than four times. The underlying
mechanism can be interpreted well based on the fact that the high-<i>k</i> modes excited by hyperbolic metamaterials can greatly
increase the possibility of forming close loops decreasing the energy
consumption for the propagation of scattered photons in the matrix.
In addition, out-coupled propagation of the high-<i>k</i> modes reaches to the far-field without being trapped inside the
metamaterials due to the coupling with the random distribution of
light emitting nanoparticles also plays an important role. Electromagnetic
simulations derived from the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)
method are executed to support our interpretation. Realizing strong
enhancement of laser action assisted by hyperbolic metamaterials provides
an attractive, very simple and efficient scheme for the development
of high performance optoelectronic devices, including phototransistors,
and many other solid state lighting systems. Besides, because of increasing
light absorption assisted by hyperbolic metamaterials structure, our
approach shown is also useful for the application of highly efficient
solar cells
Low-Threshold Lasing from 2D Homologous Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Single Crystals
Organic–inorganic
hybrid two-dimensional (2D) perovskites
have recently attracted great attention in optical and optoelectronic
applications due to their inherent natural quantum-well structure.
We report the growth of high-quality millimeter-sized single crystals
belonging to homologous two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic–inorganic
Ruddelsden–Popper perovskites (RPPs) of (BA)<sub>2</sub>(MA)<sub><i><i>n</i></i>−1</sub>Pb<sub><i><i>n</i></i></sub>I<sub>3<i><i>n</i></i>+1</sub> (<i>n</i> = 1, 2, and 3) by a slow evaporation
at a constant-temperature (SECT) solution-growth strategy. The as-grown
2D hybrid perovskite single crystals exhibit excellent crystallinity,
phase purity, and spectral uniformity. Low-threshold lasing behaviors
with different emission wavelengths at room temperature have been
observed from the homologous 2D hybrid RPP single crystals. Our result
demonstrates that solution-growth homologous organic–inorganic
hybrid 2D perovskite single crystals open up a new window as a promising
candidate for optical gain media
Transparent, Wearable, Broadband, and Highly Sensitive Upconversion Nanoparticles and Graphene-Based Hybrid Photodetectors
Numerous investigations
of photon upconversion in lanthanide-doped
upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have led to its application in
the fields of bioimaging, biodetection, cancer therapy, displays,
and energy conversion. Herein, we demonstrate a new approach toward
lanthanide-doped UCNPs and a graphene hybrid planar and rippled structure
photodetector. The multi-energy sublevels from the 4f<sup>n</sup> electronic
configuration of lanthanides results in longer excited state lifetime
for photogenerated charge carriers. This opens up a new regime for
ultra-high-sensitivity and broadband photodetection. Under 808 nm
infrared light illumination, the planar hybrid photodetector shows
a photoresponsivity of 190 AW<sup>–1</sup>, which is higher
than the currently reported responsivities of the same class of devices.
Also, the rippled graphene and UCNPs hybrid photodetector on a polyÂ(dimethylsiloxane)
substrate exhibits an excellent stretchability, wearability, and durability
with high photoresponsivity. This design makes a significant contribution
to the ongoing research in the field of wearable and stretchable optoelectronic
devices
Plasmonic Carbon-Dot-Decorated Nanostructured Semiconductors for Efficient and Tunable Random Laser Action
Carbon
dots have emerged as popular materials in various research fields,
including biological and photovoltaic areas, while significant reports
are lacking related to their applications in laser devices, which
play a significant role in our daily life. In this work, we demonstrate
the first controllable random laser assisted by the surface plasmon
effect of carbon dots. Briefly, carbon dots derived from candle soot
are randomly deposited on the surface of gallium nitride (GaN) nanorods
to enhance the ultraviolet fluorescence of GaN and generate plasmonically
enhanced random laser action with coherent feedback. Furthermore,
potentially useful functionalities of tunable lasing threshold and
controllable optical modes are achieved by adjusting the numbers of
carbon dots, enabling applications in optical communication and identification
technologies. In addition to providing an efficient alternative for
plasmonically enhanced random laser devices with simple fabrication
and low cost, our work also paves a useful route for the application
of environmentally friendly carbon dots in optoelectronic devices