Acceptance of postplacental intrauterine contraceptive device: recent increase in trend

Background: IUCD is a temporary method of contraception in use for many years. Our main objective is to find the acceptance of (postplacental intrauterine contraceptive device) PPIUCD in recent years.Methods: Retrospective Analysis was carried out to collect information regarding IUCD insertion in all women delivered at semi urban based medical college in Tamil Nadu from April 2014 to March 2016.Results: Total women delivered in our hospital were 20949 over a period of two years. Two year comparative study revealed significant increase in acceptance of PPIUCD insertion among primipara from 39.1% TO 68.9%. Acceptance of PPIUCD in primipara was 51.6% in first year (April 2014 to March 2015) to 87.8% in second year (April 2015 to March 2016).Most of the women were in the age group of 20 to 29 years (81.5%).Conclusions: The present study being retrospective analysis showed sudden increase in coverage rate of PPIUCD from 2014-2015 to 2015-2016. Though the patients were motivated in the same way throughout the period, training and motivation given to the staff nurses and duty doctors in the labour ward for PPIUCD insertion and daily review instead of weekly had brought the significant increase in the coverage. This clearly shows the role of service provider in the success of a national program though acceptor is always ready in most of the times

Simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation of reactive dyes using jatropha deoiled cakes

© BEIESP. Endemic pollution problems due to discharge of wastewaters are affecting all the aspects of human life. The poor quality effluents coming from industries is destroying the fragile ecosystem, leading to various apprehensions amongst researchers and scientific communities. Treatment of wastewaters have become an urgent need of the society, which cannot be ignored. Incineration, absorption on solid matrices and biological treatment are some of the effluent treatment methods available. These methods, however, have their own disadvantages. This work explores the application of jatropha deoiled cakes on the concurrent adsorption and biological degradation of reactive dyes. Reactive blue, reactive yellow, reactive red were used for the experiments. The combined experiments were tested for effect of glucose concentrations as well as initial concentrations. Glucose concentrations of 1 g/l, 2 g/l and 3 g/l were taken. All the dyes were varied from 100 ppm to 600 ppm. It was observed that combined degradation yielded higher degradation compared to biological degradation alone. The degradation rate varied with the variation of glucose concentration and it also varied with the initial concentration

REDUCED KINETIC MECHANISM FOR REACTIVE FLOW SIMULATION OF SYNGAS/METHANE COMBUSTION AT GAS TURBINE CONDITIONS

ABSTRACT The reduced kinetic mechanism for syngas/methane developed in the present work consists of a global reaction step for fuel decomposition in which the fuel molecule breaks down into CH 2 O and H 2 . A detailed CH 2 O/H 2 /O 2 elementary reaction sub-set is included as the formation of intermediate combustion radicals such as OH, H, O, HO 2 , and H 2 O 2 is essential for accurate predictions of non-equilibrium phenomena such as ignition and extinction. Since the chemical kinetics of H 2 and CH 2 O are the fundamental building blocks of any hydrocarbon oxidation, the inclusion of detailed kinetic mechanisms for CH 2 O and H 2 oxidation enables the reduced mechanism to predict over a wide range of operating conditions provided the reaction rate parameters of fuel-decomposition reaction is optimized over those conditions. Therefore, the rate coefficients for the fuel-decomposition step are estimated and optimized for the ignition delay time measurements of CH 4 , H 2 , CH 4 /H 2, CH 4 /CO and CO/H 2 mixtures available in the literature over a wide range of pressures, temperatures and equivalence ratios that are relevant to gas turbine operating conditions. The optimized reduced mechanism, consisting of 15 species and around 40 reactions, is able to predict the ignition delay time and laminar flame speed measurements of CH 4 , H 2 , CH 4 /H 2 , CH 4 /CO and CO/H 2 mixtures fairly well over a wide range conditions. The model predictions are also compared with that of GRI3.0 mechanism. The reduced kinetic mechanism predicts the ignition delay time of CH 4 and CH 4 /H 2 mixtures far better than GRI mechanism at higher pressures. To demonstrate the predictive capability of the model in reactive flow systems, the reduced mechanism was implemented in Star-CD/KINetics commercial code using a RANS turbulence model to simulate CH 4 /air premixed combustion in a backward facing step. The CFD model predictions of the stable species in the exhaust gas agree well with the GRI mechanism predictions in a chemical reactor network modeling by approximating the backward facing step with a series of perfectly-stirred reactor and plug-flow reactor. INTRODUCTION The production of syngas and H 2 -enriched fuels from Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC) technology has become economically and environmentally feasible due to increased energy cost in recent times. Although the term 'syngas' refers to a fuel mixture of CO and H 2 , many of the H 2 -enriched fuels from IGCC consists of mainly CO, H 2 , CH 4 and N 2 and trace amount of COS, H 2 S and NH 3 . Moreover, the composition of H 2 -enriched fuel mixtures varies widely; for example, the methane composition in the fuel mixtures can vary from 6.5 to 65 mole

Gaseous emissions during concurrent combustion of biomass and non-recyclable municipal solid waste

Background: Biomass and municipal solid waste offer sustainable sources of energy; for example to meet heat and electricity demand in the form of combined cooling, heat and power. Combustion of biomass has a lesser impact than solid fossil fuels (e. g. coal) upon gas pollutant emissions, whilst energy recovery from municipal solid waste is a beneficial component of an integrated, sustainable waste management programme. Concurrent combustion of these fuels using a fluidised bed combustor may be a successful method of overcoming some of the disadvantages of biomass (high fuel supply and distribution costs, combustion characteristics) and characteristics of municipal solid waste (heterogeneous content, conflict with materials recycling). It should be considered that combustion of municipal solid waste may be a financially attractive disposal route if a 'gate fee' value exists for accepting waste for combustion, which will reduce the net cost of utilising relatively more expensive biomass fuels. Results: Emissions of nitrogen monoxide and sulphur dioxide for combustion of biomass are suppressed after substitution of biomass for municipal solid waste materials as the input fuel mixture. Interactions between these and other pollutants such as hydrogen chloride, nitrous oxide and carbon monoxide indicate complex, competing reactions occur between intermediates of these compounds to determine final resultant emissions. Conclusions: Fluidised bed concurrent combustion is an appropriate technique to exploit biomass and municipal solid waste resources, without the use of fossil fuels. The addition of municipal solid waste to biomass combustion has the effect of reducing emissions of some gaseous pollutants

Glucolipotoxicity initiates pancreatic beta-cell death through TNFR5/CD40-mediated STAT1 and NF-kappa B activation

Funded by Diabetes UK, NovoNordisk UK Research Foundation, and St. Bartholomew’s & The Royal London Charitable Foundation grant awards