Development and characterization of cancer stem cell-based tumoroids as an osteosarcoma model

Gorgun, Cansu/0000-0002-0460-2952; Ozturk, Sukru/0000-0001-9684-634X; Sendemir Urkmez, Aylin/0000-0003-1818-6651; Vatansever, Seda/0000-0002-7415-9618; Gokalp, Sevtap/0000-0002-8615-2448WOS: 000535963800001PubMed: 32391924Three-dimensional (3D) cancer tumor models are becoming vital approaches for high-throughput drug screening, drug targeting, development of novel theranostic systems, and personalized medicine. Yet, it is becoming more evident that the tumor progression and metastasis is fueled by a subpopulation of stem-like cells within the tumor that are also called cancer stem cells (CSCs). This study aimed to develop a tumoroid model using CSCs. For this purpose CD133(+) cells were isolated from SaOS-2 osteosarcoma cell line with magnetic-activated cell sorting. To evaluate tumoroid formation ability, the cells were incubated in different cell numbers in agar gels produced by 3D Petri Dish (R) method. Subsequently, CD133(+) cells and CD133(-) cells were co-cultured to investigate CD133(+) cell localization in tumoroids. the characterization of tumoroids was performed using Live&Dead staining, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. the results showed that, CD133(+), CD133(-) and SaOS-2 cells were all able to form 3D tumoroids regardless of the initial cell number, but, while 72 hr were needed for CD133(+) cells to self-assemble, 24 hr were enough for CD133(-) and SaOS-2 cells. CD133(+) cells were located within tumoroids randomly with high cell viability. Finally, when compared to two-dimensional (2D) cultures, there were 5.88, 4.14, 6.95, and 1.68-fold higher messenger RNA expressions for Sox2, OCT3/4, Nanog, and Nestin, respectively, in CD133(+) cells that were cultured within 3D tumoroids, showing longer maintenance of stem cell phenotype in 3D, that can allow more relevant screening and targeting efficiency in pharmaceutical testing. It was concluded that CSC-based tumoroids are propitious as 3D tumor models to fill the gap between conventional 2D in vitro culture and in vivo animal experiments for cancer research.Scientific and Technological Research Council of TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [113M243]; Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitEge University [13-FBE-011]Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Grant/Award Number: 113M243; Ege University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit, Grant/Award Number: 13-FBE-01

Synergistic role of three dimensional niche and hypoxia on conservation of cancer stern cell phenotype

International Biomedical Engineering Congress -- 2015 -- Near E Univ, North Nicosia, CYPRUSWOS: 000380626900004PubMed ID: 26718870Hypoxia is a pathalogical condition in which tissues are deprived of adequate oxygen supply. The hypoxia effect on tumors has a critically important role on maintenance of cancer stem cell phenotype. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of hypoxia on cancer stem cells on three dimensional (3D) in vitro culture models. Osteosarcoma stem cells characterized by CD133 surface protein were isolated from osteosarcoma cell line (SaOS-2) by magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) technique. Isolated CD133(+) and CD133(-) cells were cultivated under hypoxic (1% O-2) and normoxic conditions (21% O-2) for 3 days. For the 3D model, bacterial cellulose scaffold was used as the culture substrate. 3D morphologies of cells were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry staining were used to demonstrate conservation of the cancer stem cell phenotype in 3D environment under hypoxic conditions. Cell viability was shown by MTT assay on 3. and 7. culture days. This study is seen as an introduction to develop a 3D hypoxic cancer stem cell based tumor model to study CSC behavior and tumor genesis in vitro. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V

Blocking the Cleavage of Filamin A by Calpain Inhibitor Decreases Tumor Cell Growth

Background/Aim: Filamin A (FLNA) is the most abundant and widely expressed isoform of filamin in human tissues. It is cleaved by calpain at the hinge 1 and 2 domains, producing a 90-kDa carboxyl-terminal fragment (FLNA(CT)). Recently, it has been shown that FLNA(CT) mediates cell signaling and transports transcription factors into the cell nucleus. However, the significance of cleavage of FLNA by calpain has not been studied in cancer cell growth. Calpeptin is a chemical inhibitor of both calpain 1 and 2 that cleaves FLNA. In this study, we questioned if inhibiting calpain using calpeptin would decrease tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation. Materials and Methods: Human melanoma (A7), prostate cancer (PC3), mouse fibrosarcoma (T241) and endothelial (MS1) cells were assayed for proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation after treatment with calpeptin. Cell lysates were immunoblotted for FLNA and FLNA(CT). Results: Calpeptin treatment of these cells resulted in a decreased production of FLNA(CT). Calpeptin-treated human and mouse tumor cells displayed impaired proliferation, migration, and colony formation. Conclusion: These data suggest that the cleavage of FLNA by calpain is an important cellular event in the regulation of tumor cell growth