Evaluation of the antimalarial potential of Icacina senegalensis Juss (Icacinaceae)

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate in vivo antimalarial activity of methanol leaf extract of Icacina senegalensis.MethodsThe extract was investigated for activity against early and established malaria infections using Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei at dose levels of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. Chloroquine (10 mg/kg) was used as positive control.ResultsA dose dependent chemo-suppression of the parasites was observed at different dose levels of the extract tested with a considerable mean survival time.ConclusionsThe results support further investigation on components of traditional medicines as potential new antimalarial agents

Effects of Agro-based Adsorbents on the Biochemical Profiles of Wistar Rats Exposed to Cyanide

Background: Cyanide is a very toxic chemical that reacts with the ferric cytochrome oxidase in the mitochondrial system to form a stable complex. This complex inhibits the process of oxidative phosphorylation, thereby interrupting aerobic respiration in the organism. It is postulated that activated charcoal (AC) intercepts the ingested cyanide in the gastrointestinal tract before it is absorbed into the system. Methods: A single dose of 3 mg/kg body weight of potassium cyanide (KCN) was orally administered to the rats in each of the five groups, each consisting of 6 rats. After 15 minutes, all rats in each group were given AC from different agro-based materials. The control group (group 1) received standard commercial AC orally at 1 g/kg. group 2 received AC from plantain peels, group 3 received AC from castor oil seed shell, group 4 received AC from coconut shell and group 5 received a combination of AC from plantain peels, castor oil seed shell, and coconut shell. Blood samples were collected sequentially from rats in each group for biochemical assays using standard procedures. Results: The control group, which received KCN and standard commercial AC, exhibited the highest alanine transaminase (ALT) value (60.09±0.10 U/L) on day seven. Similarly, the highest aspartate transaminase (AST) value (196.28±0.72 U/L) was observed in the control group. Alkaline phosphate (ALP) levels followed a similar pattern. On day seven, the serum creatinine levels were 3.81±0.11 mg/dL for group 1 and 3.45±0.05 mg/dL for group 5. Subsequently, all biochemical parameters decreased after day 7, with the lowest levels recorded in rats that received AC derived from coconut shells. Conclusion: The administration of locally prepared agro-based adsorbents to Wistar rats after exposure to sublethal doses of cyanide significantly mitigated the effects of the cyanide on the liver, kidneys, and heart, as indicated by the biochemical parameters of the albino Wistar rats in the study

Antimalarial potential of the ethanolic leaf extract of Pseudocedrala kotschyi

AbstractObjectiveTo establish the efficacy of Pseudocedrala kotschyi (P. kotschyi) for the treatment of acute malaria attack used in Nigeria.MethodsThe ethanolic leaf extract was investigated for antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei berghei (P. berghei berghei) in mice. Four-day suppressive, curative effect against established infection and prophylactic models of antiplasmodial studies were used.ResultsThe leaf extract of P. kotschyi (100–400 mg/kg b.w. p.o.) exhibited significant dose dependent activity against the parasite in the suppressive and curative, and also had repository activity. The antimalarial effect of P. kotschyi is comparable to that of chloroquine. The ethanolic leaf extract also prolonged the survival time of the infected mice. The LD50 of the plant extract was established to be ≥5 000 mg/kg b.w. p.o. in mice.ConclusionThe results showed that the leaf extract has potential antiplasmodial activity, which can be exploited in malaria therapy

Antibacterial and toxicological evaluation of the ethanol leaf extract of Anthonotha macrophylla

Introduction: The leaves of Anthonotha macrophylla which are widely used in folkloric medicine in Africa were evaluated for antibacterial activity and its toxicological profile.Methods: Antibacterial activities of the leaves against clinical strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus pyogenes and Bacillus subtilis were compared with cefoxitin. Toxicological profiles were determined following the administration of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg of the leaf extract and distilled water, as control, to male Albino rats for 28 days. Biochemical and hematological indices and body weights were determined and the vital organs were examined.Results: The ethanol leaf extract of A. macrophylla demonstrated antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria tested. Toxicological investigation of the leaf extract showed no significant alterations in hematological and biochemical indices, and the vital organs as well. The LD50 in rats was more than 5000 mg/kg.Conclusion: Findings suggest that the ethanol leaf extract of A. macrophylla possess good antimicrobial activity which supports the traditional use of this plant across Africa. The plant is also considered safe following oral exposure after 28 days