Design and Construction Cost of a Water Line Underneath I-75 in Bowling Green, Ohio

The City of Bowling Green, OH operates a water distribution system that delivers high quality water. The system operates optimally in a grid system; larger, “trunk water mains,” are installed in a grid pattern on the outer limits of the system with smaller lines branching from the larger lines. Almost all the residential, industrial, and commercial areas in Bowling Green were originally limited to the west side of I-75. However over the past few decades, these areas grew on the east side of I-75. Two 24” water mains crossed underneath I-75 at the central and south part of the city to provide water to the east side. These limit development in the north eastern section and subject the WWTP (located in that part) to an undue risk if any damage occurs in the central trunk. The installation of a 16” waterline underneath I-75 at the northern end will ensure fire protection for the existing industry and supply a second water source to the WWTP. Four construction methods are examined to cross the interstate with a new waterline: open cut with detouring traffic, postponing the installation until resurfacing the interstate to install the line by open cut, horizontal directional drilling, and auger boring. This paper examines the design and construction cost of the four potential methods of construction to install a 16” waterline underneath I-75

PROMOZIONE DELLA SALUTE E LAVORO AI SENSI DEL D. LGS. 81/08: L’ESEMPIO DELLA SINDROME METABOLICA

The metabolic syndrome (MS) is characterized by multiple cardiovascular risk factors such as central obesity, hypertension, dislipidemia and hyperinsulinemia and is associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular events and mortality. We assessed the prevalence of MS in a heterogeneous working population and described differences related to work type and lifestyle habits. Data were collected during the health surveillance on 120 individuals (91% male and 9% female; mean age 48,9, SD 8,2) actively employed in a water delivery factory of South Italy. Blood biochemical assays were performed on fasting blood sample to detect the following metabolic values: Total Cholesterol, HDL, Triglycerides and Fasting Glucose. Major cardiovascular risk factors related to lifestyle habits and health were investigated. The waist circumference (WC) and Body Mass Index (BMI) were assessed; Metabolic Syndrome was defined using ATP-III criteria. The mean values of WC and BMI were 93,8±11,6 cm and 26,6 ±4 Kg/m2 respectively. Among the total subject group, 51 ,7% were classified as abdominal obesity (defined as a WC>102 cm in men and >88 cm in women) and 29,2% as MS. In our study a higher prevalence of MS (36,8%) was found in active workers