TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits—the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants—determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits—almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

AU‐ARROW (Australia)

Background The highly encouraging findings from the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study (known as FINGER) led to the global initiative for dementia risk reduction known as world-wide FINGERS (WW FINGERS). As part of the collaboration, our Australian AU-ARROW trial will follow the general protocol of the FINGER trial, and will also be aligned with the U.S. arm of the study, US-POINTER, though will have minor cultural and dietary modifications to determine the validity of the intervention in an Australian setting. Method AU-ARROW is a randomised, single-blind 2-year clinical trial that will recruit 600 participants aged 60-79 satisfying specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, including normal cognition and one or more cardiovascular risk factors that place them at greater risk of cognitive decline. Participants will be distributed across two sites (a) Macquarie University Health Clinics, Sydney, NSW and (b) Sarich Neuroscience Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, and will be randomised equally into either the innovative multi-modal intervention group or the study control group, who will receive general lifestyle advice and annual health check-ups, without treatment. Multi-modal intervention consists of aerobic exercise, resistance training and stretching; dietary advice with monitoring to encourage adherence to the MIND diet; cognitive training sessions via the Brain HQ computerised online training system; and medical monitoring and regular health education sessions. Heart rate trackers, diet and exercise log books, and the monitoring of Brain HQ sessions will all help with adherence. Primary outcome measure is improvement in global cognitive score, measured using neurocognitive tests identical to those in the US-POINTER protocol. Additional neurocognitive tests, physical function improvements, detailed diet monitoring and sleep monitoring will provide added data. The unique extra value of AU-ARROW trial consists of the testing for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) blood biomarkers in all participants; as well as the AD Aβ amyloid-specific ligand-PET imaging, brain MRI and retinal biomarker tests that half of the participants will undergo. These tests will provide comprehensive data which have the ultimate purpose of increasing knowledge of the preclinical stages of AD, and help not only to develop preclinical AD diagnostic tests but also efficacy of AU-ARROW’s intervention