2,972 research outputs found
A comparison of Weissenberg and diffractometer methods for the measurement of diffuse scattering from disordered molecular crystals
THERMAL DENATURATION OF MONOMERIC AND TRIMERIC PHYCOCYANINS STUDIED BY STATIC AND SPECTROSCOPY POLARIZED TIME-RESOLVED FLUORESCENCE
C-Phycocyanin (PC) and allophycocyanin (APC). as well as the a-subunit of PC. have been
isolated from the blue-green alga (cyanobacterium). Spirulina platensis. The effects of partial thermal
denaturation of PC and of its state of aggregation have been studied by ps time-resolved, polarized
fluorescence spectroscopy. All measurements have been performed under low photon fluxes (< 10’ ’
photonsipulse x cm’) to minimize singlet-singlet annihilation processes. A complex decay is obtained
under most conditions, which can be fitted satisfactorily with a bi-exponential (7’ = 70400 ps. T? =
1000-3000 ps) for both the isotropic and the polarized part, but with different intensities and time
constants for the two decay curves. The data are interpreted in the frameworkof the model first developed
by Teak and Dale (Biochern. J. 116, 161 (1970)], which divides the spectroscopically different
chromophores in (predominantly) sensitizing (s) and fluorescing U, ones. If one assumes temperature
dependent losses in the energy transfer from the s to the f and between f chromophores. both the
biexponential nature of the isotropic fluorescence decay and the polarization data can be rationalized. In
the isotropic emission (corresponding to the population of excited states) the short lifetime is related to the
s-,f transfer. the longer one to the “free“ decay of the final acceptor(s) (= f). The polarized part is
dominated by an extremely short decay time. which is related to s+f transfer, as well as to resonance
transfer between the f-chromophores
FLUORESCENCE AND CIRCULAR DICHROISM STUDIES ON THE PHYCOERYTHROCYANINS FROM THE CYANOBACTERIUM
Two phycoerythrocyanin (PEC) fractions have been obtained from the phycobilisomes of the cyanobac-terium Westiellopsis prolifica ARM 365. They have been characterized by absorption, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. One of them is spectroscopically similar to a PEC trimer known from other organisms. Whereas efficient energy transfer from its violin (α-84) to the cyanin (β-84, 155) chromophores is efficient in the trimer (αβ it is impeded after dissociation to the monomer (α,β). A second fraction of PEC which we earlier termed PEC(X) (Maruthi Sai et al., Photochem. Photobiol. 55,119–124, 1992), exhibited the spectral properties similar to that of the α-subunit of PEC from Mastigocladus laminosus. With this highly photoactive fraction, the circular dichroism spectra of the violobilin chromophore in both photoreversible states were obtained
CaMPAM Training Program: Overview of 12 Years Building MPA Capacity and Developing Partnerships in the Wider Caribbean.
FÖRSTER TRANSFER CALCULATIONS BASED ON CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DATA FROM Agmenellum quadruplicatum C-PHYCOCYANIN
Excitation energy transfer in C-phycocyanin is modeled using the Forster inductive resonance mechanism. Detailed calculations are carried out using coordinates and orientations of the chromophores derived from X-ray crystallographic studies of C-phycocyanin from two different species (Schirmer et al, J. Mol. Biol. 184, 257–277 (1985) and ibid., 188, 651-677 (1986)). Spectral overlap integrals are estimated from absorption and fluorescence spectra of C-phycocyanin of Mastigocladus laminosus and its separated subunits. Calculations are carried out for the β-subunit, αβ-monomer, (αβ)3-trimer and (αβ)0-hexamer species with the following chromophore assignments: β155 = 's’(sensitizer), β84 =‘f (fluorescer) and α84 =‘m’(intermediate):]:. The calculations show that excitation transfer relaxation occurs to 3=98% within 200 ps in nearly every case; however, the rates increase as much as 10-fold for the higher aggregates. Comparison with experimental data on fluorescence decay and depolarization kinetics from the literature shows qualitative agreement with these calculations. We conclude that Forster transfer is sufficient to account for all of the observed fluorescence properties of C-phycocyanin in aggregation states up to the hexamer and in the absence of linker polypeptides
A generalized Tullock contest
We construct a generalized Tullock contest under complete information where contingent upon winning or losing, the payoff of a player is a linear function of prizes, own effort, and the effort of the rival. This structure nests a number of existing contests in the literature and can be used to analyze new types of contests. We characterize the unique symmetric equilibrium and show that small parameter modifications may lead to substantially different types of contests and hence different equilibrium effort levels
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