404 research outputs found
Factors Predicting a Child’s Dental Fear
The aim of the present study was to determine and assess the variables most involved
in the etiology of a child’s dental fear. The study was performed on a sample of 89 children
aged from 5.5 to 12.5 years and their mothers. The sample comprised 37 children
with experience of dental trauma (19 boys and 18 girls) and 52 children without experience
of dental trauma (28 boys and 24 girls). Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) was applied
to evaluate the level of the child’s (CDAS) and mother’s (MDAS) dental anxiety.
Broome’s Child Medical Fear Questionnaire (CMFQ) was used to assess the child’s fear
of medical treatment. Hollingshead Two Factor Index of Social Position (ISP) was calculated
to assess socio–economic status of the family. Cluster analysis differentiated one
group of dentally anxious children with the highest level of maternal anxiety (MDAS =
14.44) and the lowest socio–economic status (ISP = 41.94). Another group of extremely
anxious children (CDAS = 14.31) showed the highest fear of medical treatment (CMFQ =
22.08) and rather low socio–economic status. One group represented children with the
lowest CDAS (5.63), lowest MDAS (8.46), and lowest CMFQ (13.54). Linear regression
analysis showed high correlation between previous traumatic medical experiences and
a child’s dental anxiety using the linear model CDAS’ = b0 + b1 CMFQ. The analysis
revealed that a child’s dental fear mostly depends on early negative medical experience,
while maternal dental anxiety and socio-economic circumstances seem to be of less importance
Factors Predicting a Child’s Dental Fear
The aim of the present study was to determine and assess the variables most involved
in the etiology of a child’s dental fear. The study was performed on a sample of 89 children
aged from 5.5 to 12.5 years and their mothers. The sample comprised 37 children
with experience of dental trauma (19 boys and 18 girls) and 52 children without experience
of dental trauma (28 boys and 24 girls). Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) was applied
to evaluate the level of the child’s (CDAS) and mother’s (MDAS) dental anxiety.
Broome’s Child Medical Fear Questionnaire (CMFQ) was used to assess the child’s fear
of medical treatment. Hollingshead Two Factor Index of Social Position (ISP) was calculated
to assess socio–economic status of the family. Cluster analysis differentiated one
group of dentally anxious children with the highest level of maternal anxiety (MDAS =
14.44) and the lowest socio–economic status (ISP = 41.94). Another group of extremely
anxious children (CDAS = 14.31) showed the highest fear of medical treatment (CMFQ =
22.08) and rather low socio–economic status. One group represented children with the
lowest CDAS (5.63), lowest MDAS (8.46), and lowest CMFQ (13.54). Linear regression
analysis showed high correlation between previous traumatic medical experiences and
a child’s dental anxiety using the linear model CDAS’ = b0 + b1 CMFQ. The analysis
revealed that a child’s dental fear mostly depends on early negative medical experience,
while maternal dental anxiety and socio-economic circumstances seem to be of less importance
Aggression and Alcoholism
Alcoholism is today the greatest medical and social problem. Due to the fact that it is
frequently connected with aggressiveness, it can also be defined as a great and frequent
forensic problem. The authors investigate the issue to what extent aggressiveness is medically
justified. They offer guidelines regarding this problem in accordance with their
everyday experience and medical criteria
Aggression and Alcoholism
Alcoholism is today the greatest medical and social problem. Due to the fact that it is
frequently connected with aggressiveness, it can also be defined as a great and frequent
forensic problem. The authors investigate the issue to what extent aggressiveness is medically
justified. They offer guidelines regarding this problem in accordance with their
everyday experience and medical criteria
Factors Predisposing to Early Childhood Caries (ECC) in Children of Pre-School Age in the City of Zagreb, Croatia
The aim of this study was to investigate factors predisposing to early childhood caries
(ECC) in pre-school children in the city of Zagreb, Croatia. The investigation was
carried out on the sample of 145 children (77 boys and 68 girls) aged between 2 and 5
years, including clinical examination of dental status and survey on the habits among
the parents. The overall prevalence of ECC was 30%: in girls it was 25%, and in boys
48%. The study on the risk factors was designed as a classic case-control study. The
mean value of dmfs index among the cases amounted to 8.6, in comparison to 5.2 in the
control group (p<0.05). Bottle-feeding did not represent a significant risk, but night
consumption of sweet beverages after first 24 months and the lack of introduction of
teeth-brushing habit after first 24 months did (p<0.001 for both predictors). The study
revealed the importance of early introduction of teeth-brushing and giving up the nightly
consumption of sweet beverages in prevention of ECC
Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia: Dental Features and Carriers Detection
Ectodermal dysplasia is a heterogeneous condition characterized by affected ectodermal
structures, among which the teeth and skin with its derivatives (hair, sweat
glands) are the most frequent. The aim of this work is to present the analysis of dental
traits in five families (affected boys and their mothers) with hypohidrotic ectodermal
dysplasia (HED), and to evaluate the importance of orofacial and dental findings in the
determination of female HED gene carriers. Hypodontia (oligodontia) was found in all
the patients. The mothers, gene carriers, had either hypodontia or a reduced size of teeth
with a particular morphological, peg shape. In patients with hypohidrotic ectodermal
dysplasia the deciduous second molar teeth were mostly affected by taurodontism. The
characteristic dental finding in heterozygous females of the mandibular peg shaped incisors
and canines, as well as of hypodontia or peg shaped upper lateral incisors can be
used as a reliable criterion for the detection of HED gene carriers
Metagenomic Profiling Reveals Lignocellulose Degrading System in a Microbial Community Associated with a Wood-Feeding Beetle
The Asian longhorned beetle (Anoplophora glabripennis) is an invasive, wood-boring pest that thrives in the heartwood of deciduous tree species. A large impediment faced by A. glabripennis as it feeds on woody tissue is lignin, a highly recalcitrant biopolymer that reduces access to sugars and other nutrients locked in cellulose and hemicellulose. We previously demonstrated that lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose are actively deconstructed in the beetle gut and that the gut harbors an assemblage of microbes hypothesized to make significant contributions to these processes. While lignin degrading mechanisms have been well characterized in pure cultures of white rot basidiomycetes, little is known about such processes in microbial communities associated with wood-feeding insects. The goals of this study were to develop a taxonomic and functional profile of a gut community derived from an invasive population of larval A. glabripennis collected from infested host trees and to identify genes that could be relevant for the digestion of woody tissue and nutrient acquisition. To accomplish this goal, we taxonomically and functionally characterized the A. glabripennis midgut microbiota through amplicon and shotgun metagenome sequencing and conducted a large-scale comparison with the metagenomes from a variety of other herbivoreassociated communities. This analysis distinguished the A. glabripennis larval gut metagenome from the gut communities of other herbivores, including previously sequenced termite hindgut metagenomes. Genes encoding enzymes were identified in the A. glabripennis gut metagenome that could have key roles in woody tissue digestion including candidate lignin degrading genes (laccases, dye-decolorizing peroxidases, novel peroxidases and β- etherases), 36 families of glycoside hydrolases (such as cellulases and xylanases), and genes that could facilitate nutrient recovery, essential nutrient synthesis, and detoxification. This community could serve as a reservoir of novel enzymes to enhance industrial cellulosic biofuels production or targets for novel control methods for this invasive and highly destructive insect
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