Modified functional reach test in patients with spinal cord injury

Uvod: Test funkcijskega dosega v sedečem položaju ocenjuje dinamično ravnotežje med sedenjem in se uporablja tudi pri pacientih z okvaro hrbtenjače. Namen raziskave je bil preveriti veljavnost konstrukta in sočasno veljavnost testa funkcijskega dosega v sedečem položaju pri pacientih z okvaro hrbtenjače. Metode: S testom funkcijskega dosega v sedečem položaju ter drugimi testi ravnotežja in hoje smo ocenili 40 priložnostno izbranih pacientov z okvaro hrbtenjače. Rezultate funkcijskega dosega smo razporedili glede na lestvico ASIA in višino okvare ter izračunali korelacije s kliničnimi testi. Rezultati: Preiskovanci iz kategorije ASIA A so dosegli najnižje, iz kategorije ASIA D pa najvišje rezultate funkcijskega dosega. Razporeditev glede na višino okvare ni pokazala smiselnih kategorij med rezultati funkcijskega dosega. Ugotovljene so bile zmerne korelacije z Bergovo lestvico za oceno ravnotežja (r = 0,56), s testom hoje na 10 metrov (r = 0,59) in s šestminutnim testom hoje (r = 0,57). Zaključki: Izvedba testa funkcijskega dosega v sedečem položaju je pri pacientih z okvaro hrbtenjače, ki izpolnjujejo navedena merila za vključitev, enostavna in hitro izvedljiva. Rezultati kažejo na dobro veljavnost konstrukta v zvezi s kategorijami ASIA in na zmerno sočasno veljavnost.Background: The functional reach test in sitting position assesses dynamic balance in sitting and is used in patients with spinal cord injury. The purpose of the study was to evaluate construct and concurrent validity of the functional reach test in sitting position in patients with spinal cord injury. Methods: A convenience sample of 40 subjects was included in the study. They were assessed using the functional reach test and other tests of balance and gait. The functional reach test score was categorised according to the ASIA scale and the injury level, and correlations with clinical tests were calculated. Results: Functional reach values were the lowest in the group ASIA A and the highest in the group ASIA D. Categorisation according to the injury level revealed no meaningful categories in functional reach. Moderate correlations were established with Berg balance scale (r = 0.56), 10 meter walk test (r = 0.59) and six-minute walk test (r = 0.57). Conclusion: The functional reach test in sitting position is feasible, easy and quick to perform in patients with spinal cord injury which fulfil the inclusion criteria set. The results show good construct validity in relation to ASIA scores, and moderate concurrent validity

Accuracy of the "S Health" pedometer application during walking and stair climbing

Background: ‪The S Health application provides an estimate of the amount of physical activity by measuring the number of steps during activities. The purpose was to assess the accuracy of step-counting with different smartphones using the S Health step counting application at long and short walking distances, and stair climbing. Material and methods: ‪26 participants (aged 28.85 ± 4.85 years) conducted three tests: 20-step test, 60-step stair test, and 6-minute walk test. Three smartphone models of the latest generation and two models of an earlier one were assessed. The StepWatch pedometer was used as a criterion. Results: Only one phone of the latest generation produced the most consistent and accurate results as compared to the pedometer in the 60-step stair test and 6-minute walk test (r=0.840), while the correlation of the other four smartphones was weak, from r=0.257 to r=0.482. Generally, the accuracy increased with the increasing amount of steps in all devices and the mean absolute percentage error decreased. Errors ranged between 5.8 and 56.9% for the 20-step test, 1.9-22.4% for the 60-step stair test, and 1.1-17.8% for the 6-minute walk test. Conclusions: The results suggest that accuracy of smart-phones increase with increased number of steps and correspond to newer model

The accuracy of smartphones for measure the number of steps

Uvod: V podjetju Samsung so bili prvi, ki so razvili aplikacijo S Health, ki dovoljuje uporabnikom, da upravljajo svoje dejavnost, prehrano, podatke o stresu, srčni utrip in spanje s pomočjo zajemanja in sledenja informacijam in meritvam preko pametnega telefona. S Health omogoča informacije o telesni dejavnosti, kar se izraža s porabljenimi kalorijami, izmerjeno razdaljo in številom opravljenih korakov tekom dejavnosti. Namen: Želeli smo ugotoviti povezanost rezultatov števila prehojenih korakov telefonov treh cenovnih razredov znamke Samsung z njihovo aplikacijo za štetje korakov S Health, ki smo jo namestili tudi na dva telefona generacije 2016 (Samsung in Huawei), ter vse rezultate primerjali s pedometrom Step Watch. Ugotavljali smo tudi povezanost rezultatov števila prehojenih korakov pri treh dejavnostih: hoji na kratke razdalje, hoji na daljše razdalje in hoji po stopnicah. Metode dela: Sodelovalo je 26 preiskovancev, ki so opravili tri teste hoje – test dvajsetih korakov, test hoje po stopnicah in 6-minutni test hoje. Med testi so bili telefoni eden poleg drugega in v naključnem vrstnem redu nameščeni v torbico v višini bokov in v srednji liniji desnega stegna. Pedometer Step Watch je bil nameščen na gležnju. Rezultati: Pri Testu dvajsetih korakov so imeli telefoni razpon napak od 5,79% do 56,9%. Telefon višjega cenovnega razreda je bil edini, ki je imel z rezultati pedometra slabo korelacijo (r = 0,34), vsi ostali zanemarljivo (0,0-0,1). Pri tem testu je bil telefon A edini, ki pri nobeni meritvi ni zabeležil vrednosti nič. Pri Testu hoje po stopnicah je bil telefon višjega cenovnega razreda edini, ki je imel napako manjšo od petih odstotkov (1,9 %). Telefon A je imel edini zelo visoko korelacijo s pedometrom (r = 0,84), vsi ostali nizko ali srednjo (0,26-0,38). Pri tem testu je bil telefon A edini, ki pri nobeni meritvi ni zabeležil vrednosti nič. Pri Šestminutnem testu hoje je bil telefon višjega cenovnega razreda edini, ki je imel napako manjšo od petih odstotkov (1,14 %). V primerjavi z rezultati pedometra je imel telefon A skoraj popolno korelacijo (r = 0,98), vsi ostali telefoni pa srednjo (0,42-0,48). Pri tem testu noben telefon ni zabeležil vrednosti 0. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovili smo natančnejše rezultate telefona iz višjega cenovnega razreda v primerjavi s telefoni nižjih razredov ne glede na trajanje hoje ali teren hoje po ravnem ali stopnicah. Med telefoni različnih generacij nismo opazili razlik. Natančnost in skladnost med pedometrom in telefoni se je povečevala s povečevanjem števila korakov oziroma podaljševanjem trajanja meritve.Introduction: The Samsung company was first who develop their own app S Health, which allows users to manage their activity, diet, stress data, heart rate and sleep by capturing and tracking informations and measurements via a smartphone. S Health provides informations about physical activity related to burned calories, measured distance, and number of steps taken during the activity. Purpose: We wanted to find out the compatibility of Samsung\u27s three phones, ranged by price, with their app for step counting S Health, which we also installed on two phones generation 2016 (Samsung and Huawei), and compared all the results with the Step Watch pedometer. We also determined the consistency of the results in three activities: walking on short distance, walking on long distance and stair walking. Methods: Twenty-two subjects participated in three walking tests - the Twenty Step Test, the Stair Walk Test, and the Six Minute Walk Test. During the tests, the telephones were all at the same tome and in a random order inserted into a waist bag at the height of the hips and in the midline of the right thigh. The Step Watch pedometer was mounted on the ankle. Results: In the Test of twenty steps, the phones had an error in range from 5,79% to 56,9%. The phone from highest price rang was the only one with a poor correlation (r = 0.34) in comparison with the pedometer results, all other phones had negligible (0.0-0.1), and it was the only one who didn`t record zero in any measurement. In the Stair walking test, the phone from highest price rang was the only one which had an error less than five percent (1.9%). Phone A had the only one a very high correlation with the pedometer (r = 0.84), all other phones had low or medium (0.26 -0.38) and it was the only one who didn`t record zero in any measurement. In the Six-minute walk test, the phone from higher price rang was the only one which had an error less than five percent (1.14%), it has nearly perfect correlation (r = 0.98) compared to the pedometer results, all other phones had the middle one (0.42- 0.48). No phone recorded a value of 0 in this test. Discussion and conclusion: We have found more accurate results for phone from highest price rang compared to phones from lower prices rang, regardless of the length of the walk or the terrain of straight or stairs. There were no differences between phones of different generations. Accuracy and consistency between the pedometer and telephones increased as the number of steps increased or the measurement duration increased