2 research outputs found

    ACTUALIZACIÓN DE ENFOQUES DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS EN ADENOMAS HIPOFISIARIOS PRODUCTORES DE PROLACTINA: REVISIÓN NARRATIVA

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    IntroducciĂłn. Un prolactinoma es aquel adenoma productor de prolactina que puede clasificarse en dependencia de su tamaño e invasiĂłn local como microadenoma o macroadenoma. Es una patologĂ­a muy comĂșn que afecta a 50 por cada 100.000 personas. Su fisiopatologĂ­a se basa en un desequilibrio en la funciĂłn del eje hipotĂĄlamo-hipofisiario. Objetivo. Identificar los enfoques diagnĂłsticos y terapĂ©uticos en adenomas hipofisiarios productores de prolactina en la actualidad. MĂ©todo. RevisiĂłn bibliogrĂĄfica de tipo narrativa. Se incluyĂł informaciĂłn de revistas, libros e informes, que tuvieran como mĂĄximo 6 años de anterioridad y que hablaran de los temas señalados, excluyendo documentos realizados en idiomas diferentes. Resultados. Se encontraron 65 documentos de los cuales se incluyeron 31 bibliografĂ­as que cumplieron con los criterios de selecciĂłn propuestos. DiscusiĂłn. El diagnĂłstico actual se basa en la presencia de hiperprolactinemia (niveles altos de prolactina en sangre), que puede estar acompañado de otras manifestaciones como aumento de peso, hipogonadismo, e incluso sĂ­ntomas compresivos. Se confirma con una resonancia magnĂ©tica de silla turca simple y contrastada. En cuanto al tratamiento, puede ser quirĂșrgico o farmacolĂłgico. Se opta por el primero cuando el prolactinoma estĂĄ causando sĂ­ntomas compresivos, y el segundo cuando aĂșn es posible que este disminuya su tamaño. Conclusiones. El diagnĂłstico del prolactinoma se basa en manifestaciones clĂ­nicas por hiperprolactinemia y la resonancia magnĂ©tica con gadolinio. Descartar otras causas de hiperprolactinemia es importante. La terapia inicial son agonistas dopaminĂ©rgicos, preferentemente cabergolina, pero la extirpaciĂłn quirĂșrgica puede ser considerada segĂșn el tamaño del adenoma y respuesta a fĂĄrmacos

    Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

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    Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)
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