HISTOPLASMOSE DISSEMINADA COM ACOMETIMENTO GÁSTRICO COMO PRIMEIRA MANIFESTAÇÃO DE AIDS: RELATO DE CASO

Introdução: Comprometimento gástrico pode ocorrer em doenças oportunísticas na AIDS, tanto de origem neoplásica quanto infecciosa. Linfoma gástrico, Sarcoma de Kaposi, infecção por citomegalovírus têm sido as mais relatadas. Objetivo: Relatar um caso de histoplasmose disseminada com acometimento do estômago como primeira manifestação de AIDS. Relato de caso: Homem, 64 anos, natural de Regente Feijó/SP e procedente de São Gabriel do Oeste/MS, trabalha como caseiro de fazenda, limpeza de terrenos e de galinheiro. Referia, à admissão, dor em andar superior do abdômen há 20 dias, com piora progressiva da intensidade. Além de sensação febril e calafrios diários em período vespertino, adinamia e perda ponderal de 11 kg em 2 meses. Referiu também tosse seca. Negava comorbidades. Ao exame físico apresentava-se com Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) de 14,9, abdome escavado, doloroso à palpação superficial e profunda de hipocôndrio direito, sem hepatoesplenomegalia palpável. O hemograma à admissão era normal. A sorologia de HIV foi positiva e a contagem de células CD4+ foi de 29 células/mm3, a carga viral do HIV foi de 833.386 cópias/mL. Foi submetido à endoscopia digestiva alta que evidenciou lesão gástrica úlcero-infiltrativa sugerindo neoplasia gástrica avançada com classificação endoscópica de Borrmann III. O exame Histopatológico (HP) descartou malignidade e estruturas fúngicas leveduriformes sugestivas de Histoplasma capsulatum foram visualizadas na coloração de Grocott. A tomografia de tórax mostrou incontáveis nódulos e massas pulmonares esparsas por todos os lobos pulmonares, algumas com escavações centrais e vidro-fosco periférico. O HP de uma massa pulmonar biopsiada também revelou presença de presença de estruturas sugestivas de H. capsulatum. A sorologia de H. capsulatum por imunodifusão dupla foi positiva com titulação de 1:16 e antigenúria foi detectada pelo teste rápido. As culturas da mucosa gástrica, da massa pulmonar e do aspirado de medula óssea foram positivas para H. capsulatum. Foi iniciado tratamento com itraconazol VO 600 mg/dia por 3 dias e após 400 mg/dia. O paciente apresentou melhora clínica e alta hospitalar após 14 dias para seguimento ambulatorial. Conclusão: O caso ressalta a importância da histoplasmose ser investigada como causa de lesões gástricas em pacientes com AIDS, mesmo em pacientes sem hepato-esplenomegalia e com hemograma normal

Clinical outcomes and risk factors for death from disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS who visited a high-complexity hospital in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) is a systemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) and is characterized by progressive and fatal evolution in immunocompromised patients. Moreover, it is considered an AIDS-defining disease. METHODS: We performed an observational, analytical, retrospective study to identify the clinical outcomes and risk factors for death from DH in patients with AIDS at an infectious diseases service facility in Brazil between September 2011 and July 2016. Patients with a positive serology for HIV and DH were diagnosed via direct examination and/or positive cultures for H. capsulatum. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were included in this study. Approximately, 82.6% were men, with a mean age of 41.0±11.5 years, and 52.2% had a concomitant diagnosis of AIDS and DH. The median CD4+ T cell count was 19 cells/mm3, and 56.5% of the patients died. The most frequently observed symptoms were fever, dyspnea, and skin lesions. On the basis of a comparative analysis of those who died and survived, the absence of splenomegaly and hepatomegaly and the presence of H. capsulatum in the peripheral blood were considered as risk factors for death. Those who died had a higher leukocyte count; CRP, urea, and lactate dehydrogenase levels; AST index; and international normalized ratio prothrombin time. The serum total protein and albumin levels of the patients were lower. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rate for DH is high among severely immunocompromised patients with AIDS. The risk factors for death were those traditionally associated with blood dyscrasia, inflammatory activity, as well as increased renal and nutritional impairment

Clinical outcomes and risk factors for death from disseminated histoplasmosis in patients with AIDS who visited a high-complexity hospital in Campo Grande, MS, Brazil

<div><p>Abstract INTRODUCTION: Disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) is a systemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum (H. capsulatum) and is characterized by progressive and fatal evolution in immunocompromised patients. Moreover, it is considered an AIDS-defining disease. METHODS: We performed an observational, analytical, retrospective study to identify the clinical outcomes and risk factors for death from DH in patients with AIDS at an infectious diseases service facility in Brazil between September 2011 and July 2016. Patients with a positive serology for HIV and DH were diagnosed via direct examination and/or positive cultures for H. capsulatum. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients were included in this study. Approximately, 82.6% were men, with a mean age of 41.0±11.5 years, and 52.2% had a concomitant diagnosis of AIDS and DH. The median CD4+ T cell count was 19 cells/mm3, and 56.5% of the patients died. The most frequently observed symptoms were fever, dyspnea, and skin lesions. On the basis of a comparative analysis of those who died and survived, the absence of splenomegaly and hepatomegaly and the presence of H. capsulatum in the peripheral blood were considered as risk factors for death. Those who died had a higher leukocyte count; CRP, urea, and lactate dehydrogenase levels; AST index; and international normalized ratio prothrombin time. The serum total protein and albumin levels of the patients were lower. CONCLUSIONS: The mortality rate for DH is high among severely immunocompromised patients with AIDS. The risk factors for death were those traditionally associated with blood dyscrasia, inflammatory activity, as well as increased renal and nutritional impairment.</p></div