Prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a key community health problem in numerous settings, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). TB is the second most lethal infectious disease worldwide. Around 1.6 million people died from TB in 2021. TB prevention and control strategies are difficult to implement in prison, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, owing to overcrowding and poor ventilation. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the estimated pooled prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa.Materials and methodsElectronic biomedical databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Science Direct were used to systematically explore candidate studies published until December 2022. Data extraction was performed using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The estimated pooled prevalence of tuberculosis was determined using a fixed-effects model. Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistics were used to check heterogeneity statistically across different studies. Begg’s rank and Egger’s tests were performed to assess evidence of possible publication bias.ResultsA total of 40 articles involving 59,300 prisoners were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of tuberculosis was 4.02% (95% CI: 2.68–5.36). We found the highest prevalence using Gene X pert as a diagnostic method, which was 4.97 (95% CI: 2.22–7.73). There is no evidence of publication bias.ConclusionThe outcome of this review revealed a high prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa. To reach the “End Tuberculosis strategy” by 2030, early identification of cases through screening on entry and periodical active case finding is important. Moreover, prevention and prompt treatment after diagnosis must be implemented to limit transmission to the general population.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#searchadvanced, identifier (CRD42023428933)

Trend, determinants, and future prospect of child marriage in the Amhara region, Ethiopia: a multivariate decomposition analysis

BackgroundChild marriage is a harmful traditional practice, which compromises children of their childhood and threatens their lives and health. In Ethiopia, 58% of women and 9% of men get married before the age of 18 years. Surprisingly, parents in the Amhara region make marriage promises of their children before they are even born, which will hinder the region from attaining the Sustainable Development Goal of ending child marriage. Thus, this study aimed to assess the trends, determinants, and future prospects of child marriage in the Amhara region of Ethiopia.MethodsA repeated cross-sectional study was conducted using four consecutive nationally representative Ethiopian demographic and health surveys (2000–2016). A logit-based multivariate decomposition analysis for a non-linear response model was fitted to identify factors that contributed to the change in child marriage over time. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of < 0.05. The child marriage practice in the Amhara region by the year 2030 was also predicted using different forecasting features of Excel.ResultsThe trend of child marriage over the study period (2000–2016) decreased from 79.9% (76.7, 82.8) to 42.9% (39.1, 46.9), with an annual average reduction rate of 2.9%. Approximately 35.2% of the decline resulted from an increase in the proportion of women who attained secondary and above-secondary education over the two surveys. A decrease in the proportion of rural women and a change in the behavior of educated and media-exposed women also contributed significantly to the decline in child marriage. The prevalence of child marriage in the Amhara region by the year 2030 was also predicted to be 10.1% or 8.8%.ConclusionThough there has been a significant decline in child marriage in the Amhara region over the past 16 years, the proportion is still high, and the region is not going to eliminate it by 2030. Education, residence, and media exposure were all factors associated with the observed change in child marriage in this study. Therefore, additional efforts will be required if child marriage is to be eliminated by 2030, and investing more in education and media access will hasten the region's progress in this direction

Turnover intention among healthcare workers in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective To determine the pooled prevalence of turnover intention among healthcare workers in Ethiopia.Design A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline.Data sources Electronic databases of Science Direct, Medline, African Journals Online, Excerpta Medica Database, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched to identify studies published in the English language before 31 December, 2021.Eligibility criteria Studies were included with following criteria: (1) studies conducted or published until 31 December 2021; (2) observational studies; (3) Studies conducted on healthcare workers; (4) reporting turnover intention; (v) studies conducted in Ethiopia and (vi) tudies published in the English language were included.Data extraction and synthesis Three independent reviewers screened all the papers for eligibility criteria. Data were extracted by two independent investigators using a standardised data extraction format. Random effects model meta-analysis using STATA V.14.0 statistical software was conducted to estimate the pooled prevalence of turnover intention with 95% CI. Funnel plot and Forest plot were used to check publication bias and heterogeneity between studies, respectively. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was done.Primary outcome Prevalence of turnover intention.Result A total of 29 cross-sectional studies with 9422 participants met the inclusion criteria. The estimated pooled prevalence of turnover intention among healthcare workers in Ethiopia was 58.09% (95% CI 54.24 to 61.93; p value <0.001, I2=93.5%).Conclusion The finding of this systematic review and meta-analysis showed high prevalence of turnover intention among healthcare workers in Ethiopia. The Government and policy makers should come up with different mechanisms including a wide variety of healthcare workers retention strategies in order to reduce turnover intention of healthcare workers and retain them

Undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among adults in ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background Hypertension is a major public health problem, resulting in 10 million deaths annually. Undiagnosed hypertension affects more people than ever before. It is more likely to be linked to severe hypertension, which can lead to stroke, cardiovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors in Ethiopia. Methods Databases, such as Medline/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, AJOL, and the Cochrane Library, were systematically searched to find potential studies published until December 2022. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used to enter the extracted data. The pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and its associated factors was estimated using a random effect model. I2 statistics and the Cochrane Q-test were used to assess statistical heterogeneity across the studies. Begg’s and Egger’s tests were performed to identify possible publication bias. Results A total of ten articles with 5,782 study participants were included in this meta-analysis. In the random effects model, the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 18.26% (95% CI = 14.94–21.58). Being older (OR = 3.8, 95% CI = 2.56, 5.66), having a body mass index > 25 kg/m2 (OR = 2.71, 95% CI = 2.1, 3.53), having a family history of hypertension (OR = 2.22, 95% CI = 1.47, 3.36), and having DM comorbidity (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.38, 4.32) were significantly associated with undiagnosed hypertension. Conclusion In this meta-analysis, the pooled prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was found to be high in Ethiopia. Being older, having a BMI > 25 kg/m2, having a family history of hypertension, and having DM comorbidity were found to be risk factors for undiagnosed hypertension

sj-docx-2-smo-10.1177_20503121221135486 – Supplemental material for Prevalence of contraceptive implant discontinuation among women who used implant in Ethiopia: Systemic review and meta-analysis

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-smo-10.1177_20503121221135486 for Prevalence of contraceptive implant discontinuation among women who used implant in Ethiopia: Systemic review and meta-analysis by Gizachew Ambaw Kassie, Amanuel Yosef Gebrekidan, Getachew Asmare Adella, Gedion Asnake Azeze and Yordanos Sisay Asegidom in SAGE Open Medicine</p

sj-docx-2-whe-10.1177_17455057241235881 – Supplemental material for Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and factors associated among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-whe-10.1177_17455057241235881 for Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and factors associated among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Yordanos Sisay Asgedom, Gizachew Ambaw Kassie, Beshada Zerfu Woldegeorgis, Mengistu Meskele Koyira and Tsegaye Melaku Kebede in Women’s Health</p

sj-docx-3-whe-10.1177_17455057241235881 – Supplemental material for Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and factors associated among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-whe-10.1177_17455057241235881 for Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and factors associated among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Yordanos Sisay Asgedom, Gizachew Ambaw Kassie, Beshada Zerfu Woldegeorgis, Mengistu Meskele Koyira and Tsegaye Melaku Kebede in Women’s Health</p

sj-doc-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221135486 – Supplemental material for Prevalence of contraceptive implant discontinuation among women who used implant in Ethiopia: Systemic review and meta-analysis

Supplemental material, sj-doc-1-smo-10.1177_20503121221135486 for Prevalence of contraceptive implant discontinuation among women who used implant in Ethiopia: Systemic review and meta-analysis by Gizachew Ambaw Kassie, Amanuel Yosef Gebrekidan, Getachew Asmare Adella, Gedion Asnake Azeze and Yordanos Sisay Asegidom in SAGE Open Medicine</p

sj-docx-1-whe-10.1177_17455057241235881 – Supplemental material for Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and factors associated among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-whe-10.1177_17455057241235881 for Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection and factors associated among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis by Yordanos Sisay Asgedom, Gizachew Ambaw Kassie, Beshada Zerfu Woldegeorgis, Mengistu Meskele Koyira and Tsegaye Melaku Kebede in Women’s Health</p

Sexual and reproductive health services utilization and its predictors among students in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background & Aim: Students are the most vulnerable group for reproductive health problems due to their inclination to be engaged in risky sexual behavior. The present study sought to determine the pooled prevalence of sexual and reproductive health service utilization and its determinant factors among students in Ethiopia. Methods & Materials: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and the Ethiopian University online library were searched. The review took place between November 15, 2022, and December 15, 2022. Data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed using STATA statistical software version 14. The pooled prevalence of sexual and reproductive health service utilization was computed with 95% CI, whereas a log odds ratio was used to declare the statistical significance between associated factors and sexual and reproductive health service utilization. Results: There were 1520 research articles retrieved, but 18 articles with 12,338 participants were met the inclusion criteria and included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled estimates of sexual and reproductive health service utilization among students was 42.606% (95% CI: 32.917%–52.295%; I2 = 88.3%). Discussion with families/friends  (OR=3.033, 95% CI=2.217-4.150, P-value<0.001, I2=75%) and knowledge  (OR=2.215, 95%CI=1.105-4.515, P-value=0.025, I2= 85%) were predictors of sexual and reproductive health service utilization among students. Conclusion: In relation to the data from the studies under analysis, below half percent of students in Ethiopia utilized sexual and reproductive health services. Further health education and communication are crucial to improving knowledge about sexual and reproductive health services among students in Ethiopia