Relationship between Pregnancy-induced Hypertension with Neonatal and Maternal Complications

Background Prevalence of hypertension has a relatively high prevalence especially in developing countries. In order to prevent and control the disease, it is important to know the extent of the complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pregnancy-induced hypertension with neonatal and maternal complications.   Materials and Methods This prospective, descriptive study was conducted on 230 overweight women, with hypertension (n=115) and normal blood pressure (n=115) during pregnancy, referring to Hamedan hospitals. Researcher-made questionnaire including demographic characteristics and maternal and neonatal complications were used to collect required data. Data analysis was performed using Chi-square, t-test and ANOVA based on the difference between the data at a level of error less than 5%. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics, smoking history, and mean weight, number of pregnancies, number of births, history of abortion and the reception of care during pregnancy (P > 0.05). Significant relationship was observed between pregnancy and maternal outcomes, such as cesarean section, infection, bleeding, hydramnios, diabetes, proteinuria, edema, headache and hospitalization time, as well as neonatal outcomes such as low birth weight, preterm delivery, Apgar, and longer hospitalization (

A survey of Ultrasound use in Prenatal Health Care in Iran

AbstractBackground and Aim: These days, use of Ultrasound in Prenatal Health Care is debatable. So, this research has been performed to study use of Ultrasound in prenatal health care.Materials & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in all mothers that were going to maternity hospital in Hamadan. Among them, 380 pregnant women were studied by the available Sampling based on all inclusion criteria. An information record sheet was filled for each patient through three methods: interview, studying the documents and observing the labor process according to the related case.Results: At least, Ultrasound has been done one time in 98.7% of pregnancies. The average rate of Ultrasound examination in pregnancies was 2.61%. Maximum request for Ultrasound examination was 8 times in 0.08% cases. There are three main reasons for Ultrasound examination: routine examination in prenatal health care (53.3%), to control or follow up pregnancy complication (33.14%) and mother's request for knowing baby's sex (13.56%). Because of different reasons, as, mother's worries about unpleasant results of examination, 8% of all applied Ultrasound Examinations has not been performed. The final main finding demonstrated that 68.4% of pregnant women, who profit by prenatal healthcare including Ultrasound, were involved with a pregnancy complication such as Premature Rupture of Membrane (47.3%).Discussion &Conclusion: Regarding the results, that show, due to the increased use of Ultrasound technology in Prenatal Care in Iran and all around the world, it is necessary to design an appropriate method for applying  Ultrasound to improve quality of Prenatal Health Cares. Keywords: Sonography-Prenatal ultrasound - Prenatal care     

The Positive Effects of Zinc Supplements on the Improvement of Primary Dysmenorrhea and Premenstrual Symptoms: A Double-blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial

Background & aim:Primary dysmenorrhea can be relieved via some medical and non-medical approaches. In this regard, the probable therapeutic role of zinc supplements has been recently emphasized. The present study was conducted to determine the positive effects of zinc supplements on relieving primary dysmenorrhea and premenstrual symptoms. Methods:The present double-blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted on 66 students at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences. Students with the experience of primary dysmenorrhea in at least the last three menstrual cycles (ranging between 21 and 35 days) were included in the study. The participants were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received oral zinc supplements (50 mg) twice daily for four days before the onset of menstruation and the control group received placebo. For data analysis, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, ANOVA and Wilcoxon test were performed (95% CI). Results: The intervention led to a decrease in the severity of dysmenorrhea and menstrual bleeding in the experimental group, unlike the control group. The experimental group experienced a lower frequency of some premenstrual symptoms such as headache, vertigo, muscular pain, disability in performing daily activities and general weakness; however, these changes were insignificant in the control group. Lower rates of medicine use for improving dysmenorrhea and its side-effects were reported in the experimental group, compared to the control group. Moreover, the experimental group had a lower tendency to use thermotherapy. Conclusion: The intake of zinc supplements at therapeutic doses could effectively reduce the severity of dysmenorrhea, improve menstrual bleeding and premenstrual symptoms and prevent other premenstrual symptoms

Effect of Family Centered Consultation on Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnancy: A Clinical Trial Study

Introduction: Nausea and vomiting is the prevalent complications of early pregnancy; the severity of its symptoms can decrease with different protections.  This study was conducted to determine the effect of family-oriented consultation on nausea and vomiting in pregnant women. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study 90 pregnant women referring to Famenin health care centers in 2017 were selected and assigned randomly in study and control croups. The data gathering tool was demographic information, midwifery, nutrition, psychological and standard questionnaire of PUQE, which were completed at the beginning of the study and two weeks after the completion of intervention. The intervention was conducted through two weekly counseling sessions with pregnant women and their family. The content of the consultation sessions was about diet, lifestyle, and family supports. The control group received just the routine prenatal care. Finally, the data was analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics by SPSS16. Results: Our results showed that the two groups were statistically similar in demographic and midwifery features. According to the results there was a significant reduction about the mean scores of nausea and vomiting severity in the study group after the intervention (P<0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of nausea and vomiting severity in the study group before and after the intervention too (P<0.05). Conclusions: Family-based counseling can reduce the severity of nausea and vomiting in prenatal women. So, it is recommended as an effective, safe and accessible treatment method

Risk factors for the Pap test cytological changes in Iran: A multicenter case-control study

Background: Pap tests can detect changes inside the cells of the cervix before cancer develops. Objective: To compare the risk factors and determinants for abnormal cytological changes in Pap test results among women with and without atypical cytological findings in their Pap test, and to determine the clinical manifestations associated with those changes. Methods: A multicenter case-control study was conducted in four clinics of gynecology and oncology in Iran. Of a total of 201 women with a result of Pap smear, 51 were cases (atypical cytological findings) and 150 women were control (benign/reactive changes). The data was collected by a researcher-designed tool through the interview, observing medical records and clinical examinations. Results: According to the logistic regression, the women’s age (OR= 1.08), age at the menarche (OR= 0.75), number of deliveries (OR= 1.44), and BMI (OR= 2.60) are the determinants of the Pap test cytological changes in Iran. Taking hormonal contraceptives, using IUD, sexual activity, and having a family history of cancer are not determinants (p&gt;0.05). The clinical manifestations as having an unhealthy cervix, painful sex, low abdominal pain, pelvic pain, and low back pain were significantly higher (P&lt; .001) in the case group than those of the control group. Conclusion: The Pap test cytological changes in Iranian women are associated with age, age at the menarche, number of deliveries, and BMI. This information can help healthcare providers to predict their patients' health situation for taking a suitable and quick action