Bioactive Compounds From Torbangun [Plectranthus Amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng] Chloroform Fraction Induce Apoptosis in Breast Cancer (Mcf-7 Cells) in Vitro

Torbangun (Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng) is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used in tropical countries to cure various illnesses. The objective of this study was to identify the active compounds in the chloroform fraction which have effect on the apoptosis-related genes expression of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis was observed morphologically using Hoechst nuclear staining. Expression of the genes was analyzed using Real-Time PCR. Chemical compounds of the plant fractions were determined using LC-MS. Result of cell morphology observation clearly indicated apoptosis after the treatment of the plant fraction. Increased expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2 could not prevent the cells from apoptosis. Expressions of p53 and p21 genes were increased significantly. The expressions of caspase 9, caspase 7 and caspase 1 were increased at concentration-dependent manner. Most of the compounds in the chloroform fraction are identified as diterpenoids which may contribute to the apoptosis inducing activity of the fraction

Suplementasi Mikroenkapsulat Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis (Kbm) Menurunkan Kadar Malonaldehida Hati Tikus

High consumption of fried food contributes to increased risk of degenerative. Potent antioxidants that may alleviate this problem are contained in pericarp of mangosteen (KBM). However, its bitter taste hinders use of this antioxidant. Microencapsulation process can mask bitter taste and control the release of bioactive compounds. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of microencapsulated mangosteen pericarp extract in supressing malonaldehyde (MDA) in rat liver as a result of the consumption of oxidized palm oil. Antioxidants were extracted with methanol from KBM and microencapsulated using gelatin, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and maltodextrin. Its antioxidative capacity is determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Extract is supplemented to feed of rats at doses of 100mg/kg bw (KBM 1), meanwhile microencapsulated KBM at doses 100 (KBM 2) and 200 mg/kg bw (KBM 3) in addition to oxidized palm oil, for 50 days. After termination, liver was excised and liver MDA concentration was assayed. The decrease of MDAlevels on KBM 1, KBM 2, and KBM 3 respectively are 11.64 percent, 40.18 percent, and 53.43 percent. Supplementation of microencapsulated and non-encapsulated KBM extract do not affect body weights and feedconsumption of rats. Microencapsulated KBM is effective to reduce MDA levels significantly than its raw extract, in which 200 mg/kg bw is the best concentration. Its process can reduce the bitter taste of KBM

Lactobacillus rhamnosus Reduces Blood Glucose Level through Downregulation of Gluconeogenesis Gene Expression in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are observed to be potential probiotics with functional properties such as lowering fasting blood glucose (FBG), as a promising hyperglycemia management. This study investigated the ability and mechanism of Lactobacillus rhamnosus BSL and Lactobacillus rhamnosus R23 on lowering FBG in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (STZ). The rats were orally administered with L. rhamnosus BSL and L. rhamnosus R23 by giving 1 mL cell suspension (109 CFU/mL) daily for 30 days. The body weight (BW) was recorded once in three days, and FBG was recorded once in six days. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was measured 1 week after injection with STZ and before sacrifice. Fecal samples were collected on days 0, 15, and 30 for LAB population and identification, performed by PCR detecting 16S rRNA. Oral administration of L. rhamnosus BSL and L. rhamnosus R23 decreased FBG and improved glucose tolerance via downregulation of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6pc) expression by 0.57- and 0.60-fold change, respectively (P0.05) different among diabetic rats. Both strains were effective in increasing fecal LAB population. Molecular identification of the isolated LAB from fecal sample indicated that they were able to survive and pass through the digestive tract. These results suggested that both strains have the ability to manage blood glucose level and become a promising agent to manage hyperglycemia and diabetes

Geranylgeraniol Suppresses the Expression of IRAK1 and TRAF6 to Inhibit NFκB Activation in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in Human Macrophage-Like Cells

Geranylgeraniol (GGOH), a natural isoprenoid found in plants, has anti-inflammatory effects via inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB). However, its detailed mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Recent studies have revealed that isoprenoids can modulate signaling molecules in innate immune responses. We found that GGOH decreased the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory genes in human macrophage-like THP-1 cells. Furthermore, we observed that the suppression of NFκB signaling proteins, in particular interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), occurred in GGOH-treated cells prior to LPS stimulation, suggesting an immunomodulatory effect. These results indicate that GGOH may modulate and help prevent excessive NFκB activation that can lead to numerous diseases

Solutions to Enhance Health with Alternative Treatments (SEHAT) protocol: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial for gut microbiota-targeted treatment of severe acute malnutrition using rice bran in ready-to-use therapeutic foods in Indonesia

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