Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis Type IIa – A case report

Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis (PPV) is a rare syndrome characterized by capillary vascular malformation and pigmentary nevus but with a wide variability in clinical presentation. A case of a 9-month-old patient is reported, who presented with capillary malformation and hemihypertrophy. These features typically are seen in Klippel–Trenaunay (KT) syndrome, a syndromic type of congenital vascular malformation. However, in addition, this child had large persistent Mongolian spots, the presence of which allowed us to classify this case as PPV, type II. This is a condition with a clinical course not always benign as KT syndrome

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a child with enteric fever: A case report

The central nervous system is involved in 5-35% children suffering from typhoid fever and manifest asneuropsychiatric features such as confusion, encephalopathy, meningismus, convulsion and focal neurologicaldeficit. However, only few cases of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) have been reported along withenteric fever. ADEM is a monophasic immune-mediated demyelination disorder, which commonly follows viralinfections and vaccination. We here report a case of typhoid fever who later developed ADEM

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SOLID SELF MICRO EMULSIFYING DISPERSIBLE TABLET OF PIROXICAM

Objective: The aim of this study was to formulate the solid self-micro emulsifying dispersible tablets for promoting the dissolution of Piroxicam. Methods: Solubility study test was performed to know the solubility of various oil phase, surfactants, cosurfactants. Self-emulsifying grading test was done by visual grading system. Ternary phase diagrams and droplet size analysis test were performed to screen and optimize the Piroxicam-self microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDS). Then microcrystalline cellulose (KG802) was added as a suitable adsorbent and dispersible tablet were prepared by wet granulation compression method. Results: The final composition of Piroxicam-SMEDS was oil phase (oleic acid, 23%), surfactant (Cremophor R H-40,61%), co-surfactant (PEG-400,16%) based on the result of solubility test, self-emulsifying grading test, droplet size analysis and ternary phase diagrams. Microcrystalline cellulose (KG802) was selected based on dissolution study (98.35%) and added to liquid Piroxicam-Smeds formulation to form dispersible tablets. The in vitro dissolution study showed 98.02 % of drug release from Piroxicam-SMEDS tablets. Conclusion: Piroxicam–Self microemulsifying dispersible tablets have increased the solubility and bioavailability of the Piroxicam to a greater extent. SMEDS formulation can help the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs

A simplified method for extraction of high quality genomic DNA from <i>Jatropha curcas</i> for genetic diversity and molecular marker studies

187-192 A simple and efficient protocol for the extraction of high quality genomic DNA from different tissues, including callus generated from leaves of Jatropha curcas has been developed. The important steps in this protocol include (a) use of 3.5 M NaCl in extraction buffer; (b) 2.0 M NaCl (final concentration) during precipitation; (c) Tris saturated phenol in place of phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol at purification phase; (d) 80% ethanol for DNA precipitation, and (e) performing all the steps at RT. The DNA thus extracted from the leaves had 1.81±0.063, OD at A260/280 and the yield was 120 to 140 µg/g of material. The extracted DNA was found suitable for restriction digestion, ligation and PCR amplification. It was also used for DNA fingerprinting techniques, RAPD and AFLP, for development of molecular markers and studies on genetic diversity. </smarttagtype

Spatio-temporal changes in the Machoi glacier Zanskar Himalaya India using geospatial technology

We present the temporal changes of Machoi glacier, Zanskar region of the north-western Himalaya, India using multi-temporal Landsat satellite data from 1973 to 2018. The results suggest that the Machoi glacier has retreated consistently from last 45 years with an uneven retreat rate. The temporal fluctuations since 1973 AD reveal that the glacier snout has retreated ∼563 m at an average of ∼12.51 m yr−1. However, the snout has retreated at variable rates during different time intervals e.g., 80 m (average of ∼11.43 m yr−1) from 1973 to 1980 AD, 120 m (average of ∼12.0 m yr−1) from 1980 to 1990 AD, 123 m (average of ∼12.3 m yr−1) from 1990 to 2000 AD, 128 m (average of ∼12.8 m yr−1) from 2000 to 2010 AD and 112 m (average of ∼14 m yr−1) from 2010 to 2018AD. The highest rate of snout (∼14 m yr−1) retreat during 2010–2018 AD is linked to the changing climate in the region as observed from the meteorological data. The analysis of meteorological data suggests that during this period temperature as well as the liquid precipitation have increased due to global warming whereas the extent of solid precipitation has decreased which might be the possible causes of higher retreat of Machoi glacier

Adaptation of Francisella tularensis to the Mammalian Environment Is Governed by Cues Which Can Be Mimicked In Vitro▿ †

The intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis survives in mammals, arthropods, and freshwater amoeba. It was previously established that the conventional media used for in vitro propagation of this microbe do not yield bacteria that mimic those harvested from infected mammals; whether these in vitro-cultivated bacteria resemble arthropod- or amoeba-adapted Francisella is unknown. As a foundation for our goal of identifying F. tularensis outer membrane proteins which are expressed during mammalian infection, we first sought to identify in vitro cultivation conditions that induce the bacterium's infection-derived phenotype. We compared Francisella LVS grown in brain heart infusion broth (BHI; a standard microbiological medium rarely used in Francisella research) to that grown in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB; the most widely used F. tularensis medium, used here as a negative control) and macrophages (a natural host cell, used here as a positive control). BHI- and macrophage-grown F. tularensis cells showed similar expression of MglA-dependent and MglA-independent proteins; expression of the MglA-dependent proteins was repressed by the supraphysiological levels of free amino acids present in MHB. We observed that during macrophage infection, protein expression by intracellular bacteria differed from that by extracellular bacteria; BHI-grown bacteria mirrored the latter, while MHB-grown bacteria resembled neither. Naïve macrophages responding to BHI- and macrophage-grown bacteria produced markedly lower levels of proinflammatory mediators than those in cells exposed to MHB-grown bacteria. In contrast to MHB-grown bacteria, BHI-grown bacteria showed minimal delay during intracellular replication. Cumulatively, our findings provide compelling evidence that growth in BHI yields bacteria which recapitulate the phenotype of Francisella organisms that have emerged from macrophages

DOORS syndrome: phenotype, genotype and comparison with Coffin-Siris syndrome.

DOORS syndrome (Deafness, Onychodystrophy, Osteodystrophy, mental Retardation, Seizures) is characterized mainly by sensorineural deafness, shortened terminal phalanges with small nails of hands and feet, intellectual deficiency, and seizures. Half of the patients with all clinical features have mutations in TBC1D24. We review here the manifestations of patients clinically diagnosed with DOORS syndrome. In this cohort of 32 families (36 patients) we detected 13 individuals from 10 families with TBC1D24 mutations. Subsequent whole exome sequencing in the cohort showed the same de novoSMARCB1 mutation (c.1130G>A), known to cause Coffin-Siris syndrome, in two patients. Distinguishing features include retinal anomalies, Dandy-Walker malformation, scoliosis, rocker bottom feet, respiratory difficulties and absence of seizures, and 2-oxoglutaric aciduria in the patients with the SMARCB1 mutation. We briefly discuss the heterogeneity of the DOORS syndrome phenotype and the differential diagnosis of this condition