The Case Study on the Sexual Behavior of Male Sex Workers Known as “Kiper” in the Prevention HIV/ AIDS in the Lovina Beach, Bali

Background: One of Bali’s unique tourism-related professions is male sex worker at Lovina beach called “Kiper”. A number of mortality cases of the kipers suffering from HIV/ AIDS occurred in 2014. This study aimed to describe the life and sexual behavior of the kipers at Lovina beach, Buleleng, Singaraja, Bali. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic qualitative study. The study was conducted in the Lovina beach, Buleleng, Singaraja, Bali, in 2015 to 2016. A total of six kipers were studied as the key informants. The data were collected by in-depth interview and observation. Results: Fulfilling the living need is the main reason for becoming a kiper. Average frequency of sexual transaction was four to five times a week. Location of sexual transaction was hotel. The duration of the sexual intercourse was about 1-2 hours. The transaction pay was Rp 350,000 to Rp 500,000for the short-time, and up to Rp 10,000,000for the long-time transaction. Multiple transactions and multiple partners were preferred because they brought pride to the kipers. Sex contract with kiper lasted for the duration that the sex partner (usually foreign tourist) spent for his holiday in Bali. Most kipers interviewed used condoms as an effort to prevent sexual transmitted infection and HIV/AIDS. Conclusion: Kipers at Lovina beach use to have sex with multiple partners (usually foreign tourists) in multiple sex transactions. Fortunately, most of them use condoms as an effort to prevent sexual transmitted infection and HIV/ AIDS. Keywords: sexual behavior, male sex workers, “kipper”, prevention of HIV/AIDS, Bal

Premarital Sex Behaviors of Teenagers: a Case in Bali, Indonesia

This study aims at describing premarital sex behavior as well as to analyze peers impact on premarital sexual behavior of teenagers. The study was conducted in Bali, Indonesia. This is an analytic observational research that applied cross-sectional approach. The subject was 566 teenagers who were studying at Senior High Schools in Buleleng, Bali. Data was collected using a questionnaire. We examined the validity and reliability of the data before analyzed it. We also collected data through interviews. After being analyzed by logistic regression analysis, the data shows that 47% of teenagers have  never watched porn, 35.9% of teenagers have never conducted kissing activity (with their partner), 24.7% of teenagers have never conducted sexuality rub toward their sexual organs, 22.8% of teenagers have ever masturbated, and 13.1% of teenagers have never experienced sexual intercourse. Teenagers who have got the correct information from peers are possible to have better premarital sex behaviors, 2 times greater than those who have not got correct information (OR = 2; p = 0.003). It is also found that teenagers who have got a good emotional relationship with peers are more possible to have better premarital sex behavior life, 3 times greater, than teenagers who have got a less emotional relationship with peers (OR = 3; p = 0.000). It is concluded that, statistically, there is significant influence between peers and premarital sex behaviors of teenagers in Indonesia

Qualitative Study on Pet-Related Human Behaviour and Other Risk Factors of Rabies in Buleleng, Bali

BACKGROUND: Bali has been an endemic province since 2008. Rabies cause specific death was 8, 1, and 2, respectively, in 2012, 2013, and 2014. Number of dog or cat bites was 55836, 44690, and 46877, respectively, in 2012, 2013, and 2014. The study aimed to explore pet-related human behavior and other risk factors of rabies in Buleleng, Bali. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was a qualitative study conducted in poor communities living in Bulian village, Kubutambahan sub-district, Buleleng district, Bali. Twenty households were purposively selected for this study. The key informants included household members, heads of hamlet, and head of village. The data were collected by in-depth interview, direct observation, and document review. RESULTS: House condition and sanitation were acceptable, despite low socio-economic position of community members. Dog population was high. Most of them lived wild, unattended, or did not have identity neck-lace. Ten out of 20 household interviewed reported that their members were bitten by dog over the past year. Most of the dogs had never been vaccinated. Most of the villagers had poor knowledge and practice on how to treat wounds. Villagers usually let the dogs that had bitten human to live free or killed them immediately. CONCLUSION: Uncontrolled of dog population, widespread unvacci-nated dogs, uncontrolled dog mobility, lack of proper knowledge and practice on wound treatment, were the main risk factors of rabies incidence. Keywords: rabies, dog bite, pet-related human behavior, risk facto

Factors Associated Mosquito Larvae Eradication and Early Management of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever among Poor Community in Lokapaksa Village, Buleleng, Bali

BACKGROUND: Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) remains a public health importance in the world. It causes hospitalization, death of patients, and high healthcare costs. This study aimed to describe factors associated mosquito larvae eradication and early management of DHF among poor community in Lokapaksa village, Buleleng, Bali. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was a qualitative study carried out in poor community in Lokapaksa village, Buleleng, Bali. The study subjects included 30 household heads and village heads. The data were colected by focus group discussion, indepth interview, and direct observation. RESULTS: Outbreak of DHF occurred in Bali. In January 2016, 4 patients died from DHF. In 2015, according to the Provincial Health Office, there were 910 DHF cases, of which 262 cases occured in Buleleng, 245 cases occured in Gianyar districts. The response to new cases by clinics and community health centers was often late. Most of the villagers had low level of knowledge in mosquito larva eradication and early mana-gement of DHF. Mosquito larvae were found in about half of the houses surveyed. All of the household studied threw garbage in the backyard of houses. Health personnels had ever implemented fogging. CONCLUSIONS: The villagers had low level of knowledge and poor practice in mosquito larva eradication and early management of DHF. Environment sanitation was poor. Health care system had late response in the incidence of new cases. Keywords: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, mosquito larvae, larva eradication, early case managemen

Health-Related Sexual Behavior among Transgenders in Singaraja, Bali

BACKGROUND: The existence of persons with trans-genders orienta-tion (waria) is undeniable. Usually trans-genders are at risk for sexual transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS do to their sexual behavior. This study aimed to describe health related sexual behavior among persons with trans-gender orientation in Singaraja, Bali. SUBJECT AND METHODS: This was a qualitative study conducted in Singaraja, Bali. The data was obtained from the trans-genders by in-depth interview and observation. RESULTS: The trans-genders participated actively in social event and campaign related to HIV/AIDS prevention and control. However, they had high-risk sexual behavior, such as doing oral sex, anal sex, and squeeze sex. Only 80% used condoms during sexual intercourse. The trans-genders rarely checked up for reproductive health provided by the District Health Office in Singaraja, Bali. They were reluctant to be examined by female doctors. CONCLUCION: The trans-genders in Singaraja, Bali, still have high-risk sexual behavior. The rarely use reproduction health services provided by the government, among others because they are not comfortable to be examine by female doctors. Keywords: waria, trans-genders, sexual behavior, reproduction healt

Learning Models and Authentic Assessment on Football Skill Learning Achievement

The current study was aimed at finding the effect of teaching models and an authentic assessment on football skill learning achievement by controlling motor educability. The sample consisted of 142 students of Physical Education Health Department that were selected randomly. The study used the 2x2 factorial experimental design, while the data were analyzed using 2-way ANACOVA. The results showed that after controlling motor educability, football skill learning achievement of the students who learned through the Cooperative Learning type Jigsaw model was higher than those who learned through the conventional model; the football skill learning achievement of those who were assessed by portfolio assessment was better than those who were assessed by authentic assessment. There was also an interaction between the teaching model and an authentic assessment on football skill learning achievement. The students who learned through the Cooperative Learning type jigsaw model was more appropriately assessed by portfolio assessment, while those who learned through the conventional learning model was more appropriately assessed by performance assessment