Ergonomic assessment of postal workers´ pain symptoms and musculoskeletal risks related to parcel processing activity for delivery

The parcel delivery activity is carried out all over the world and workers in this sector have suffered from musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) due to the strong demand for work generated by the recent increase in e-commerce. This study aimed to evaluate postal workers' pain symptoms, movements and identify MSDs risks related to the parcel processing activity for delivery, proposing preventive measures. A sample of thirty-two workers was evaluated with the application of sociodemographic and Nordic questionnaires and electrical bioimpedance. The motion capture sensors were used to evaluate right/left shoulder joints, segment C7-T1 (Cervical) and segment L5- S1 (Lumbar) of three postal workers (percentiles of anthropometric data: 5, 50, and 95) during four real work activities that are part of the parcel processing. The analyzed workers presented musculoskeletal complaints in practically all body regions, with a greater prevalence in shoulders, hands, lower back, and knees. According to the Body Mass Index (BMI), they were on average overweight (27.8 ± 3.7 kg/m2 ). In the movement analysis, we identified risks related to cervical protrusion, anterior trunk flexion, and shoulder flexion, in addition to repetitive movements. In some activities, the higher stature showed an increase in lumbar and cervical anterior flexion. The set of evaluations showed that the activity of processing orders for delivery offers musculoskeletal risks. We identify that ergonomic adaptations are necessary to adapt the heights of the work environment to the statures of the postal workers. Relevance to industry: The activity of processing orders for delivery is carried out practically all over the world generating jobs and income for its employees. Nonetheless, there are still situations of ergonomic disadvantage that can generate musculoskeletal risks. The findings elucidate ergonomic risks and provide useful information for future ergonomic interventions in the postal/delivery workplace environment.ECT -Eaga Charitable Trust(undefined

Contribuições do design no cenário pandêmico do COVID-19: gestão de projetos para profissionais de saúde

La pandemia provocada por el nuevo Coronavirus ha afectado la vida y cambiado el día a día de prácticamente todos los países, así como de su población, y debido a la alta tasa de transmisión se entiende que los profesionales de la salud, forman parte del grupo de riesgo y son los más vulnerables por la exposición diaria a los pacientes infectados. El COVID-19 fue la principal causa de hospitalizaciones y son necesarias intervenciones en las vías respiratorias de los pacientes para la intubación y extubación orotraqueal. Durante el abordaje inicial de este procedimiento, las vías respiratorias de los pacientes pueden generar pequeñas gotas de líquido al hablar o toser, en forma de aerosoles, que aumentan el riesgo de transmisión de la COVID-19. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo relatar el proceso de desarrollo de una Caja de Intubación e Extubación con un enfoque de Diseño Centrado en el Usuario. La investigación tiene carácter aplicado, con enfoque cualitativo, objetivo exploratorio y explicativo, y se dividió en dos fases: Sustento Teórico (1) y Desarrollo de Producto (2). Se desarrolló una caja de intubación y extubación, con soportes tecnológicos para levantamiento, creación, simulación y materialización, utilizando los principios del Diseño Centrado en el Humano y la Ergonomía, con énfasis en los profesionales de la salud en el contexto hospitalar. El producto demostró ser viable, ya que proporcionaba la postura corporal adecuada para los profesionales de la salud y los pacientes, cumplía los criterios y requisitos de diseño y permitía un procedimiento más seguro.The pandemic caused by Coronavirus has affected life and changed the daily life of practically all countries, as well as its population, and due to the high rate of transmission, it is understood that health professionals working on the freight line to fight the pandemic are part of the risk group and are the most vulnerable due to daily exposure to infected patients. Covid-19 was the main cause of hospitalizations and interventions in the patients' airways are necessary for the intubation and orotracheal extubation of patients. During the initial approach of this procedure, the patient's airways may generate droplets of liquid resulting from speech or cough, in the form of aerosols, which increase the risk of transmission of Covid-19. For this, this article aimed to develop an Intubation and Extubation box with a User-Centered Design approach. The research carried out has an applied nature, with a qualitative approach and exploratory and explanatory objective, and with regard to the procedures, it was divided into two phases, namely: phase 1 – Theoretical support and phase 2 – Product Development. An intubation and extubation box were developed, with technological supports for survey, creation, simulation and materialization, using the principles of Human-Centered Design and Ergonomics, with an emphasis on the activity carried out by the health professional in the hospital context. This product, developed, proved to be viable, allowing the patient to maintain an adequate and stable body posture during the procedures and meeting the criteria and design requirements, enabling a safer procedure.A pandemia causada pelo novo Coronavírus, afetou a vida e alterou o cotidiano de praticamente todos os países, bem como sua população, e devido à alta taxa de transmissão, compreende-se que os profissionais da saúde, fazem parte do grupo de risco e são os mais vulneráveis devido à exposição diária a pacientes infectados. A COVID-19 foi a principal causa das hospitalizações e as intervenções nas vias aéreas dos pacientes são necessárias para a intubação e extubação orotraqueal dos pacientes. Durante a abordagem inicial deste procedimento as vias aéreas dos pacientes podem gerar gotículas de líquidos resultantes da fala ou tosse, em forma de aerossóis, os quais aumentam o risco de transmissão da COVID-19. Este artigo teve por objetivo relatar o processo desenvolvimento de uma caixa Intubação e Extubação com abordagem do Design Centrado no Usuário. A pesquisa tem natureza aplicada, com abordagem qualitativa, objetivo exploratório e explicativo, e foi dividida em duas fases: Suporte teórico (1) e Desenvolvimento do Produto (2). Foi desenvolvida uma caixa de intubação e extubação, com suportes tecnológicos para levantamento criação, simulação e materialização, utilizando-se dos princípios do Design Centrado no Humano e da Ergonomia, com ênfase nos profissionais da saúde no contexto hospitalar. O produto se mostrou viável, pois proporcionou a postura corporal adequada dos profissionais da saúde e paciente, atendeu aos critérios e requisitos projetuais, e possibilitou um procedimento mais seguro