Human hippocampal theta power indicates movement onset and distance travelled

Rodent hippocampal theta-band oscillations are observed throughout translational movement, implicating theta in the encoding of self-motion. Interestingly, increases in theta power are particularly prominent around movement onset. Here, we use intracranial recordings from epilepsy patients navigating in a desktop virtual reality environment to demonstrate that theta power is also increased in the human hippocampus around movement onset and throughout the remainder of movement. Importantly, these increases in theta power are greater both before and during longer paths, directly implicating human hippocampal theta in the encoding of translational movement. These findings help to reconcile previous studies of rodent and human hippocampal theta oscillations and provide additional insight into the mechanisms of spatial navigation in the human brain

Additional file 2 of Social service providers’ perspectives on caring for structurally vulnerable hospital patients who use drugs: a qualitative study

Additional file 2. Semi-structured interview guide

Additional file 1 of Social service providers’ perspectives on caring for structurally vulnerable hospital patients who use drugs: a qualitative study

Additional file 1. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative studies (COREQ): 32-item checklist

Participant information.

BackgroundPeople who inject drugs in North America often continue to inject while hospitalized, and are at increased risk of premature hospital discharge, unplanned readmission, and death. In-hospital access to sterile injection supplies may reduce some harms associated with ongoing injection drug use. However, access to needle and syringe programs in acute care settings is limited. We explored the implementation of a needle and syringe program integrated into a large urban tertiary hospital in Western Canada. The needle and syringe program was administered by an addiction medicine consult team that offers patients access to specialized clinical care and connection to community services.MethodsWe utilized a focused ethnographic design and semi-structured interviews to elicit experiences and potential improvements from 25 hospitalized people who inject drugs who were offered supplies from the needle and syringe program.ResultsParticipants were motivated to accept supplies to prevent injection-related harms and access to supplies was facilitated by trust in consult team staff. However, fears of negative repercussions from non-consult team staff, including premature discharge or undesired changes to medication regimes, caused some participants to hesitate or refuse to accept supplies. Participants described modifications to hospital policies regarding inpatient drug use or access to an inpatient supervised consumption service as potential ways to mitigate patients’ fears.ConclusionsAcute care needle and syringe programs may aid hospital providers in reducing harms and improving hospital outcomes for people who inject drugs. However, modifications to hospital policies and settings may be necessary.</div