Rasgos anatómicos característicos del hidrosistema de las principales especies arbóreas de la Región Chaqueña Argentina.

Selected wood anatomy characteres of fourty six species of the principal trees of the Chaco Region were studied in order to analyze the hydraulic conductivity and safety of the xylem system, and compared with data from other habitats. Wood microscopic features considered were: ring porosity, vessel arrangement, tangential vessel diameter, number of vessels per mm2, Vulnerability Index, vessel element length, perforation plate, helical thickening and tracheas. A predominance of characters that probably contribute to hydraulic safety was observed: diffuse porous, numerous grouped or multiple vessels of small diameter, short vessel elements, with simple perforation plate. Maytenus vitis-idaea, Rupretchia apetala, Castela coccinea, Parkinsonia aculeata, Jodina rhombifolia species of the driest part of Chaco Region, present the most xerophytic features.Los objetivos de este trabajo son realizar un análisis comparativo de los caracteres anatómicos del leño que componen el sistema hidráulico del xilema de 46 especies arbóreas de la Región Chaqueña, Argentina y determinar las especies que presentan características xeromórficas destacadas de acuerdo a los parámetros escogidos. Los caracteres microscópicos considerados fueron: porosidad, tipo y diámetro de poros, número de poros por mm2, índice de vulnerabilidad, longitud de los miembros de vasos, placa de perforación, presencia de traqueidas y espesamientos espiralados. Las especies estudiadas siguen en el hidrosistema del xilema las tendencias generales observadas en otras regiones de características climáticas similares. Se observó el predominio de especies con caracteres que contribuyen a la seguridad en la conducción, tales como: porosidad difusa, diámetros tangenciales pequeños, vasos numerosos, con predominio de poros con diferentes combinaciones de múltiples cortos. Los elementos vasculares encontrados son cortos, con placas de perforación simple. Maytenus vitis-idaea, Rupretchia apétala, Castela coccinea, Parkinsonia aculeata y Jodinia rhombifolia, especies que habitan en la región más seca del Parque Chaqueño, son las que poseen mayor cantidad de características xeromórficas de acuerdo a los parámetros escogidos

Estructura cortical de las Anacardiáceas argentinas

Argentina bears a potential of 28.389.000 ha forests with species of the Anacardiaceae family. These species are very well-known tannins producers. The present work aims to contribute to the study of the bark anatomy of native Anacardiaceae trees, as well as to set the bases of their use as raw material of non traditional forest products. A macroscopic and microscopic description of bark tissues histometry is provided, as well as a description of secretion structures. A key to species differentiation, based on bark characteristics, is also given. The possibilities of producing tannin products are determined by secretion structure characteristics.La República Argentina cuenta con un potencial de 28.389.000 ha de bosques nativos con especies pertenecientes a la familia Anacardiaceae. Estas especies se caracterizan por ser productoras primarias de sustancias tánicas. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto contribuir al conocimiento anatómico de la corteza de especies nativas arbóreas de Anacardiaceae, así como proporcionar las bases para el uso de la misma como materia prima de productos forestales no tradicionales. Se consignan las descripciones macro y microscópica de las especies, histometría de tejidos, caracterización y valoración de las estructuras de secreción. Se confecciona una clave de diferenciación de especies basadas en los caracteres de la corteza y se determina el potencial de cada una de ellas en función de la capacidad productiva de taninos

Evaluation of Nutritional Practices in the Critical Care patient (The ENPIC study) : Does nutrition really affect ICU mortality?

The importance of artificial nutritional therapy is underrecognized, typically being considered an adjunctive rather than a primary therapy. We aimed to evaluate the influence of nutritional therapy on mortality in critically ill patients. Methods: This multicenter prospective observational study included adult patients needing artificial nutritional therapy for >48 h if they stayed in one of 38 participating intensive care units for ≥72 h between April and July 2018. Demographic data, comorbidities, diagnoses, nutritional status and therapy (type and details for ≤14 days), and outcomes were registered in a database. Confounders such as disease severity, patient type (e.g., medical, surgical or trauma), and type and duration of nutritional therapy were also included in a multivariate analysis, and hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were reported. We included 639 patients among whom 448 (70.1%) and 191 (29.9%) received enteral and parenteral nutrition, respectively. Mortality was 25.6%, with non-survivors having the following characteristics: older age; more comorbidities; higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores (6.6 ± 3.3 vs 8.4 ± 3.7; P < 0.001); greater nutritional risk (Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill [NUTRIC] score: 3.8 ± 2.1 vs 5.2 ± 1.7; P < 0.001); more vasopressor requirements (70.4% vs 83.5%; P=0.001); and more renal replacement therapy (12.2% vs 23.2%; P=0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that older age (HR: 1.023; 95% CI: 1.008-1.038; P=0.003), higher SOFA score (HR: 1.096; 95% CI: 1.036-1.160; P=0.001), higher NUTRIC score (HR: 1.136; 95% CI: 1.025-1.259; P=0.015), requiring parenteral nutrition after starting enteral nutrition (HR: 2.368; 95% CI: 1.168-4.798; P=0.017), and a higher mean Kcal/Kg/day intake (HR: 1.057; 95% CI: 1.015-1.101; P=0.008) were associated with mortality. By contrast, a higher mean protein intake protected against mortality (HR: 0.507; 95% CI: 0.263-0.977; P=0.042). Old age, higher organ failure scores, and greater nutritional risk appear to be associated with higher mortality. Patients who need parenteral nutrition after starting enteral nutrition may represent a high-risk subgroup for mortality due to illness severity and problems receiving appropriate nutritional therapy. Mean calorie and protein delivery also appeared to influence outcomes. ClinicaTrials.gov NCT: 03634943