Barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care : a case study of a teaching hospital, Nigeria

Includes bibliographical references.Barriers to the provision of psychiatric nursing care have been reported worldwide, although literature on these barriers in Nigeria is limited. The purpose of the study was to explore and describe the barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care, using the case study methodology. A sample of 12 participants was recruited for the study, comprising four key informants and eight study participants. The data collection methods included grand tour interviews with the key informants, in-depth interviews with key informants and other study participants and participant observation of all 12 participants. Content analysis was conducted. It yielded five themes related to barriers, namely: personal barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care, relationship related barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care, environmental barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care, organisational barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care and “public” related barriers to provision of psychiatric nursing care. The sixth theme: Motivators to provision of psychiatric nursing care despite barriers was discovered serendipitously. These findings are in line with previous findings of studies carried out in other settings. The study findings raise the need for management to value the psychiatric nurses, refrain from the use of derogatory statements and passing comments and place high value on the educational and career progression of the psychiatric nurses and the design of a therapeutic environment

AWARENESS AND PRACTICE OF CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING AMONG UNIVERSITY OF JOS FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES

Several researchers have reported on cervical cancer screening. The screening influences the incidence and prognosis of cervical cancer. The knowledge of people on this screening have been said to influence practice. This research therefore sorts to assess the knowledge and practice of the student population in the University of Jos. A sample size of 120 was selected from the population of study. A descriptive survey design was used to assess the knowledge and practice of respondents and the findings were illustrated and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The researchers among other findings found out that only 33.04% have ever heard of Pap smear, among which only about 55.10% related it cervical cancer. Only 7.89% knew the recommended age for the screening and only 10.53% were aware of the frequency. Among the respondents only 13.91% have ever done Pap smear, with a whopping 78.26% saying they have never done the test. Out of those who have ever done the test only 25% had done it more than once. The relationship between knowledge and practice was significant, indicating that knowledge influenced practice

The modules of mental health programs implemented in schools in low- and middle-income countries: findings from a systematic literature review

Background: Secondary schools in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) provide health promotion, preventive, and early intervention services. Nevertheless, literature indicates that the modules of these services are either adapted or modified from existing mental health programs in developed countries. The literature also highlights the provision of non-comprehensive services (mental health promotion, prevention, and early intervention), in LMICs. These findings inform the need for undertaking this systematic literature review. The aim of this review was thus to identify the modules of school-based mental health programs (SBMHP) that have been implemented in LMICs to guide the development of a culturally sensitive comprehensive mental health program for adolescents in a LMIC country. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was used to guide this review. The following databases were searched in September 2018, to identify the relevant literature: PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and ERIC. The search was conducted by the first author and reviewed by the authors. Results: Following the screening process, a total of 11 papers were identified and reviewed for quality. The systematic review highlighted that the mental health programs provided in schools included: an introduction module, a communication and relationship module, a psychoeducation module, a cognitive skills module, a behavioral skills module, establishing social networks for recovery and help seeking behavioral activities and a summary/conclusion module. Conclusion: This review sheds light on the characteristics of the programs in LMICs. Two programs were found to be universal in nature. Five programs were directed at key risk factors or at-risk groups, and four were early intervention programs. The review also revealed that only one program out of the 11 programs included modules for parents. The synthesis indicated that all the identified programs were adapted or modified from existing programs. The dearth of comprehensive programs in LMICs was also revealed. Lastly, the review revealed seven modules that can be useful for developing a SBMHP

ASSESSMENT OF KNOWLEDGE OF AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS CERVICAL CANCER SCREENING AMONG UNIVERSITY OF JOS FEMALE UNDERGRADUATES

Cervical cancer screening has been reported by several researchers to influence the incidence and prognosis of cancer. The knowledge of people towards this screening have been said to influence attitudes towards practice. The researchers therefore sort to assess the knowledge and attitudes of the student population in the University of Jos. A sample size of 120 was selected from the population of study. A descriptive survey design was used to assess the knowledge and attitudes of respondents and the findings were illustrated and interpreted using descriptive and inferential statistics. The researchers among other findings found out that only 33.04% have ever heard of Pap smear, among which only about 55.10% related it cervical cancer. Only 7.89% knew the recommended age for the screening and only 10.53% were aware of the frequency. About 53.04% felt that the test is relevant to them. Also 50.50% intend to do the test. About 63.63% said lack of knowledge about the test is the reason for not practicing Pap smear. The findings indicate that even though the respondents’ knowledge was grossly inadequate, the respondents showed positive attitudes towards the test. The relationship between knowledge and attitude was significant, indicating that their knowledge did influence their attitude towards cervical cancer screening