Impacts of project attributes on investment preferences : an empirical cluster analysis of energy conservation investment attitudes

Investment attitude refers to the way managements of firms value attributes of investmentproposals and weigh them in their final appraisal. It seems that among firms in the Netherlands an investment attitude exists that hinders theimplementation of energy conservation projects. Using paired comparison results from a survey on energy conservation, this paper evaluates investmentpreferences of firms by applying a Bradley-Terry model. The impact of project attributes on the investment preference is analysed in order to disclosethe underlying investment attitude and to identify barriers to the advance of energy conservation technologies. A latent class approach is used todetect clusters of firms for which specific barners play a dominant role

Impacts of project attributes on investment preferences : an empirical cluster analysis of energy conservation investment attitudes

Investment attitude refers to the way managements of firms value attributes of investment proposals and weigh them in their final appraisal. It seems that among firms in the Netherlands an investment attitude exists that hinders the implementation of energy conservation projects. Using paired comparison results from a survey on energy conservation, this paper evaluates investment preferences of firms by applying a Bradley-Terry model. The impact of project attributes on the investment preference is analysed in order to disclose the underlying investment attitude and to identify barriers to the advance of energy conservation technologies. A latent class approach is used to detect clusters of firms for which specific barners play a dominant role.Investment attitude ; Bradley-Terry model ; Energy conservation ; economic project appraisal

The effect of tranexamic acid on blood loss and maternal outcome in the treatment of persistent postpartum hemorrhage: A nationwide retrospective cohort study.

Recent results show a protective effect of tranexamic acid on death due to bleeding in patients with postpartum hemorrhage in low- and middle-resource countries. We quantify the association between early administration of tranexamic acid compared to late or no administration and severe acute maternal morbidity and blood loss among women suffering from persistent severe postpartum hemorrhage in a high-income country.We performed a nationwide retrospective cohort study in 61 hospitals in the Netherlands. The study population consisted of 1260 women with persistent postpartum hemorrhage who had received at least four units of red cells, or fresh frozen plasma or platelets in addition to red cells. A review of medical records was performed and cross-referenced with blood bank data. The composite endpoint comprised maternal morbidity (hysterectomy, ligation of the uterine arteries, emergency B-Lynch suture, arterial embolization or admission into an intensive care unit) and mortality.247 women received early tranexamic acid treatment. After adjustment for confounding, odds ratio for the composite endpoint for early tranexamic acid (n = 247) versus no/late tranexamic acid (n = 984) was 0.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66 to 1.27). Propensity matched analysis confirmed the absence of a difference between women with and without tranexamic acid. Blood loss after administration of first line therapy did not differ significantly between the two groups (adjusted difference -177 mL, CI -509.4 to +155.0).Our findings suggest that in a high-resource country the effect of tranexamic acid on both blood loss and the combined endpoint of maternal mortality and morbidity may be disappointing

Outcomes according to TXA early or late/no among women selected and matched according to the propensity score for early TXA administration.

<p>Outcomes according to TXA early or late/no among women selected and matched according to the propensity score for early TXA administration.</p

Association between early administration of tranexamic acid versus late/no tranexamic acid and outcomes among women with atony, shock before first line therapy, volume of postpartum hemorrhage more than 2 liters, after cesarean section, or vaginal delivery.

<p>Association between early administration of tranexamic acid versus late/no tranexamic acid and outcomes among women with atony, shock before first line therapy, volume of postpartum hemorrhage more than 2 liters, after cesarean section, or vaginal delivery.</p

Inclusion flowchart.

<p>FFP Fresh frozen plasma, TXA Tranexamic acid.</p

Patient characteristics and treatment characteristics at first line therapy according to whether women had received tranexamic acid early (within one hour after the start of first line therapy) or not early (later and no tranexamic acid).

<p>Patient characteristics and treatment characteristics at first line therapy according to whether women had received tranexamic acid early (within one hour after the start of first line therapy) or not early (later and no tranexamic acid).</p

Numbers and odds ratios (OR) of severe maternal morbidity, maternal mortality, blood loss and transfusions after first line therapy according to TXA administration.

<p>Numbers and odds ratios (OR) of severe maternal morbidity, maternal mortality, blood loss and transfusions after first line therapy according to TXA administration.</p