Mean predicted* CD4 cell count increase from ART initiation stratified by KS status.

<p>*Trajectories were estimated using two separate mixed linear models, one for the KS+ and one for the KS- to allow the curves to depart from being parallel. Curves were fitted using time as a quadratic function and a random intercept with an unstructured correlation matrix for repeated measures.</p

Cumulative incidence of mortality after ART initiation by KS status.

<p>Cumulative incidence of mortality after ART initiation by KS status.</p

Immunologic and Virologic Outcomes at 6 and 12-months on ART stratified by KS status among 8,676 adult HIV-infected patients initiating ART in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa.

†<p>Models adjusted for sex, baseline CD4 count, age, treatment site, tuberculosis at ART initiation, year of ART initiation.</p>‡<p>VL = viral load, RR = relative risk, CI = confidence interval, relative risk from a log-binomial regression model KS = Kaposi’s sarcoma, ART = antiretroviral therapy,</p>*<p>Failure to achieve a CD4 response defined as an increase of ≥50 cells/mm³ at 6 months and ≥100 cells/mm³ at 12 months.</p>**<p>Failure to suppress VL to <400 copies/ml.</p

Baseline characteristics of 13,847 adults initiating ART in Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa, stratified by presence of Kaposi sarcoma.

<p>TB = tuberculosis; IQR = interquartile range, ART = antiretroviral therapy; d4T = stavudine, 3TC = lamivudine, EFV = efavirenz, NVP = nevirapine.</p><p>Number of patients (%) are shown unless otherwise stated.</p

Demographic characteristics of patients who started treatment between January 2009 and July 2011 who had treatment outcomes by July 2013 (N = 452).

<p>PHC-Primary Health Care</p><p>MDR- multidrug resistance</p><p>Demographic characteristics of patients who started treatment between January 2009 and July 2011 who had treatment outcomes by July 2013 (N = 452).</p

Survival post treatment: Overall, Duration of treatment before LFT, and Age at DR-TB diagnosis.

<p>Survival post treatment: Overall, Duration of treatment before LFT, and Age at DR-TB diagnosis.</p

Association of factors with time to loss from DR-TB treatment—2009–2013 (n = 373^*).

<p>* 79 patients who died while on treatment were excluded from this analysis</p><p>^#statistically significant</p><p>^ Sensitivity analysis-Multivariate analysis including Culture conversion status at 4 months of treatment</p><p>Association of factors with time to loss from DR-TB treatment—2009–2013 (n = 373^{<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0118919#t002fn001" target="_blank">*</a>}).</p

Post treatment outcomes of the patients lost from DR-TB treatment (January 2009-July 2013).

<p>Post treatment outcomes of the patients lost from DR-TB treatment (January 2009-July 2013).</p

Univariate and multivariate analyses to assess associations with rifampicin resistance among all, previously treated, and HIV positive culture positive TB cases.

<p>Univariate and multivariate analyses to assess associations with rifampicin resistance among all, previously treated, and HIV positive culture positive TB cases.</p

Retention on treatment: Patients remaining on treatment over the course of treatment (n = 393).

<p>Retention on treatment: Patients remaining on treatment over the course of treatment (n = 393).</p