Observed and fitted growth variability according to species maximum growth.

<p>Variance of observed growth within each species according to species maximum growth (A).Proportion of this intraspecific variability captured by the model for each species (R_i²) according to species maximum growth (B). The lines represent fitted relationships with a power (A) and a linear function (B).</p

Predicted species growth response shapes and amplitudes to competition, tree size and aspect.

<p>Predicted growth at standardized conditions with respect to competition (A), tree size (B) and aspect (C), i.e. with the other covariates fixed at their observed means. The 6 most abundant species are in bold in top panels. Bottom panels represent the distribution of species signed sensitivity to covariates, as defined in section Analysis.</p

Species absolute and relative sensitivities to competition and tree size according to species maximum growth.

<p>Species growth sensitivity to competition (A) and tree size (B) with respect to species maximum growth. Sensitivity was estimated as the range of predicted diameter increments (as defined in Materials and Methods). In top panels, sensitivity is considered in absolute values (i.e., in cm.yr⁻¹), while in bottom panels it is given in proportion of maximum predicted growth (in %).</p

Results of ANCOVA testing for the effects of plant size, plant type (PA, PnoA and NoP) and their interaction on total leaf area.

<p>Results of ANCOVA testing for the effects of plant size, plant type (PA, PnoA and NoP) and their interaction on total leaf area.</p

Growth improvement conferred by <i>Camponotus schmitzi</i> to its host-plant <i>Nepenthes bicalcarata</i>.

<p>While the total leaf area increased linearly with plant size for plants occupied by <i>C. schmitzi</i> (in blue), this was not the case for unoccupied plants. A common non-significant regression line was estimated for pitcher-bearing (green) and pitcher-lacking (red) unoccupied plants. Filled points are plants which have produced only lower pitchers; empty points are plants which have developed upper pitchers. 175cm is the size threshold at which occupied plants begin to enter the climbing phase. At this threshold, the total leaf area of occupied plants was estimated to be 2.9 times greater than that estimated for unoccupied plants; total leaf nitrogen content was estimated to be 3.3 times greater.</p

Positive effect <i>of Camponotus schmitzi</i> on pitcher production.

<p>(<b>a</b>) Mean proportions of apices that have remained buds, aborted, been chewed, developed into a pitcher or with unknown fate (?: tendril cut) compared for PA, PnoA and NoP plants. “Pitcher” refers to both living and dead pitchers (e.g., in NoP plants, the latter). (<b>b</b>) Proportion of functional pitchers as a function of <i>C. schmitzi</i> occupation rate. The line represents the estimated probability of an apex forming a pitcher, as predicted by logistic regression. (<b>c</b>) Proportion of apices that have aborted without herbivory as a function of <i>C. schmitzi</i> occupation rate. (<b>d</b>) Proportion of apices that have aborted because of herbivory as a function of <i>C. schmitzi</i> occupation rate.</p

Effect of symbiont association and pitcher presence on leaf quality.

<p><i>P</i>₁: Probabilities yielded by ANOVA.</p><p><i>P</i>₂: Probabilities yielded by Levene's test (homoscedasticity).</p><p><i>P</i>₃: Probabilities yielded by Shapiro's test (normality).</p><p>The values refer to means ±1 SE of each variable. Comparisons between plant categories were made by ANOVAs.</p><p>The means that share the same letters were not statistically different at <i>P</i><0.05 according to the Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch multiple range tests.</p

Results of the Poisson regression model testing for the effect of plant size, plant type (PA, PnoA and NoP) and their interaction on the number of functional leaves.

<p>The means that share the same letter were not statistically different according to the Wald's χ² tests.</p

Results of the multiple regression model testing for the effects of plant size and ant occupation rate on total leaf area.

<p>Results of the multiple regression model testing for the effects of plant size and ant occupation rate on total leaf area.</p

Positive effect of <i>Camponotus schmitzi</i> on pitcher volume and prey biomass.

<p>Prey biomass accumulated during the entire life of a lower pitcher as a function of pitcher volume (logarithmic scales). Blue and red points refer to PA and PnoA plants, respectively. A common regression line was estimated for these two categories, the means of which were significantly different.</p