FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS OF BUSPIRONE USING COPROCESSED SUPERDISINTEGRANTS

Objective: The present study aims to formulate and evaluate Fast dissolving tablet of Buspirone, the drug that is used for management of anxiety, by direct compression method using various Super disintegrants. Methods: Ten formulations (F1-F10) of fast dissolving tablets of Buspirone were prepared by using various Superdisintegrants. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, drug content uniformity, water absorption, wetting time, and disintegration time and in vitro dissolution study. Results: Among all the formulations, F10 (containing 5 mg of Coprocessed (CS: SSG 1:2) Superdisintegrants) was considered to be the best formulation, which released up to 98% drug in 20 min as compared to a marketed conventional dosage form which dissolves in approx 60 min. The results of stability study of formulation F10 after a period of two months indicated that the formulation was stable. Conclusion: It was concluded that a fast-dissolving tablet of Buspirone containing various Superdisintegrants is better and effective to meet patient compliance

Heat exposure and multiple sclerosis—a regional and temporal analysis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disorder that progressively distorts the myelination of axons within the central nervous system (CNS). Increased core body temperature or metabolism as a result of exercise are common causes of short-term exacerbations of neurological symptoms in MS. About 60–80% of patients with MS experience a worsening of their symptoms when exposed to heat. In comparison, less data are available on the relationship between ambient meteorological conditions (e.g., temperature and relative humidity (RH)) and fluctuations in such variables in relation to MS symptoms. Thus, this study examined associations between time-lagged exposure to meteorological conditions and risk of a clinic visit due to MS among US veterans between 2010 and 2013. This study leveraged data from the Veterans Affairs (VA) and National Climactic Data Center (NCDC) for the continental US, partitioned into eight climate zones. We used a case crossover design to assess the risk of a MS clinic visit with respect to several meteorological conditions. Location-specific time-lagged daily (ambient) exposure to temperature, RH, and temperature variations (standard deviation (SD) of temperature) were computed (up to 30 days) for each case (i.e., day of MS visit) and control (a randomly assigned date ± 90–270 days prior to visit). Statistical analyses were conducted to examine independent associations between the selected meteorological conditions and risk of MS visits at the national and regional levels. A total of 533,066 patient visits received a MS diagnosis (International Classifications of Diseases (ICD)-9 code = 340). The Northeast (NE) and Upper Midwest (UMW) regions reported the highest frequency of clinic visits due to MS. Clinic visits were 9% more likely to occur in the spring, summer, and fall months (March–October) than in the winter (OR = 1.089; 95% CI = 1.076–1.103; p \u3c 0.01). In the univariate analyses, the SD of temperature, temperature, and temperature–RH interaction were positively associated with an elevated risk of a MS clinic visit, while the RH was negatively associated with the risk for a clinic visit. In multivariate analyses, the strongest association of a MS clinic visit was observed with the SD of the temperature (OR = 1.012; 95% CI 1.008–1.017; p \u3c 0.01). These associations between MS clinic visits and meteorological conditions varied across climate regions, with the strongest associations being observed in the LMW, UMW, DSW, and NE zones. The SD of the temperature was again the strongest associated predictor when examined regionally. Temperature variations and temperature–RH interactions (a proxy of the heat index) showed significant associations with MS clinic visits. These associations varied across climate regions when examined geographically. Our findings have implications for the management of MS in severe or recurrent cases, especially considering the impending changes in the daily temperature variations and intensity of the heatwaves expected with the intensification of global warming

Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-ulcerative potential of Citrullus lanatus seed extract in rats

In the present study antioxidant and antiulcer potential of Citrullus lanatus seeds were evaluated. Antioxidant activity of all the extracts (chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol) was measured by DPPH method. Methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus (MECL) seeds showed maximum antioxidant potential and was evaluated for its anti-ulcerogenic activity by pyloric ligated (PL) and water immersion stress (WIS) induced ulcer models in rat. Gastric volume and free and total acidity were measured in PL model whereas; ulcerative index was measured in both the models at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg doses of MECL. Rats treated with MECL (300 mg/kg) showed significant decrease in the gastric volume, free acidity and total acidity in case of PL model and showed significant percentage inhibition of ulcer as indicated by decrease in ulcerative index in both the models. The extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds possesses good antioxidant and anti-ulcer activity.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-ulcerative potential of Citrullus lanatus seed extract in rats

In the present study antioxidant and antiulcer potential of Citrullus lanatus seeds were evaluated. Antioxidant activity of all the extracts (chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol) was measured by DPPH method. Methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus (MECL) seeds showed maximum antioxidant potential and was evaluated for its anti-ulcerogenic activity by pyloric ligated (PL) and water immersion stress (WIS) induced ulcer models in rat. Gastric volume and free and total acidity were measured in PL model whereas; ulcerative index was measured in both the models at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg doses of MECL. Rats treated with MECL (300 mg/kg) showed significant decrease in the gastric volume, free acidity and total acidity in case of PL model and showed significant percentage inhibition of ulcer as indicated by decrease in ulcerative index in both the models. The extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds possesses good antioxidant and anti-ulcer activity.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Therapeutic potential of Emblica officinalis L. fruit extract on ischemia reperfusion Injury induced acute renal failure in rat

The present study was designed to explore the ameliorative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Emblica officinalis (HAE) on renal ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury induced acute renal failure (ARF). Rats were subjected to administration of HAE (250 and 500 mg/kg, p.o. for 10 days) before one hour of the ischemia (30 min) reperfusion (24 h) process on the 10th day of experiment. For evaluating the effect of HAE on acute renal failure, Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) were estimated in serum sample whereas, N-acetyl β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) was estimated in urine sample. Further, renal tissue was used to evaluate the oxidative stress markers and histopathological changes. The results demonstrated that I/R caused marked changes in various biomarker levels. However, treatment with HAE significantly attenuated these changes. Histopathological evaluation also revealed protective role of HAE on renal cortex and tubular cells. These effects clearly indicated that HAE produced renoprotective effect against I/R induced acute renal failureColegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-ulcerative potential of Citrullus lanatus seed extract in rats

In the present study antioxidant and antiulcer potential of Citrullus lanatus seeds were evaluated. Antioxidant activity of all the extracts (chloroform, ethylacetate and methanol) was measured by DPPH method. Methanolic extract of Citrullus lanatus (MECL) seeds showed maximum antioxidant potential and was evaluated for its anti-ulcerogenic activity by pyloric ligated (PL) and water immersion stress (WIS) induced ulcer models in rat. Gastric volume and free and total acidity were measured in PL model whereas; ulcerative index was measured in both the models at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg doses of MECL. Rats treated with MECL (300 mg/kg) showed significant decrease in the gastric volume, free acidity and total acidity in case of PL model and showed significant percentage inhibition of ulcer as indicated by decrease in ulcerative index in both the models. The extract of Citrullus lanatus seeds possesses good antioxidant and anti-ulcer activity.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Visceral Leishmaniasis-HIV Coinfection as a Predictor of Increased Leishmania Transmission at the Village Level in Bihar, India.

BACKGROUND: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is on the verge of being eliminated as a public health problem in the Indian subcontinent. Although Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is recognized as an important reservoir of transmission, we hypothesized that VL patients co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) may also be important reservoirs of sustained leishmania transmission. We therefore investigated to what extent cases of PKDL or VL-HIV are associated with VL incidence at the village level in Bihar, India. METHODS: VL, VL-HIV, and PKDL case data from six districts within the highly VL-endemic state of Bihar, India were collected through the Kala-Azar Management Information System for the years 2014-2019. Multivariate analysis was done using negative binomial regression controlling for year as a fixed effect and block (subdistrict) as a random effect. FINDINGS: Presence of VL-HIV+ and PKDL cases were both associated with a more than twofold increase in VL incidence at village level, with Incidence Rate Ratios (IRR) of 2.16 (95% CI 1.81-2.58) and 2.37 (95% CI 2.01-2.81) for VL-HIV+ and PKDL cases respectively. A sensitivity analysis showed the strength of the association to be similar in each of the six included subdistricts. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate the importance of VL-HIV+ patients as infectious reservoirs for Leishmania, and suggest that they represent a threat equivalent to PKDL patients towards the VL elimination initiative on the Indian subcontinent, therefore warranting a similar focus

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of Cucumis sativus seed extract

In the present study antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential of the methanolic extract of Cucumis sativus seeds was evaluated. Extraction of the seeds was carried out using solvents of increasing polarity. The free radical scavenging activity of all the extracts was measured by DPPH and H2O2 methods. Methanolic extract of the seeds had shown significant antioxidant activity as compared to chloroform and ethyl acetate extract. Hence, methanolic extract of C. sativus seeds (MECS) at a dose level of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg was further evaluated for its in vivo anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan induced rat paw edema and analgesic activity by tail flick and tail immersion methods. Results were obtained in a dose dependent manner. MECS (300 mg/kg) had shown significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity as compared to diclofenac sodium and morphine, respectively. From the results it may be concluded that MECS have good antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic potential.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Optimizing Village-Level Targeting of Active Case Detection to Support Visceral Leishmaniasis Elimination in India.

Background: India has made major progress in improving control of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in recent years, in part through shortening the time infectious patients remain untreated. Active case detection decreases the time from VL onset to diagnosis and treatment, but requires substantial human resources. Targeting approaches are therefore essential to feasibility. Methods: We analyzed data from the Kala-azar Management Information System (KAMIS), using village-level VL cases over specific time intervals to predict risk in subsequent years. We also graphed the time between cases in villages and examined how these patterns track with village-level risk of additional cases across the range of cumulative village case-loads. Finally, we assessed the trade-off between ACD effort and yield. Results: In 2013, only 9.3% of all villages reported VL cases; this proportion shrank to 3.9% in 2019. Newly affected villages as a percentage of all affected villages decreased from 54.3% in 2014 to 23.5% in 2019, as more surveillance data accumulated and overall VL incidence declined. The risk of additional cases in a village increased with increasing cumulative incidence, reaching approximately 90% in villages with 12 cases and 100% in villages with 45 cases, but the vast majority of villages had small cumulative case numbers. The time-to-next-case decreased with increasing case-load. Using a 3-year window (2016-2018), a threshold of seven VL cases at the village level selects 329 villages and yields 23% of cases reported in 2019, while a threshold of three cases selects 1,241 villages and yields 46% of cases reported in 2019. Using a 6-year window increases both effort and yield. Conclusion: Decisions on targeting must consider the trade-off between number of villages targeted and yield and will depend upon the operational efficiencies of existing programs and the feasibility of specific ACD approaches. The maintenance of a sensitive, comprehensive VL surveillance system will be crucial to preventing future VL resurgence

The genetic landscape of immune-competent and HIV lymphoma

This journal supplement is Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Malignancies in AIDS and Other Acquired Immunodeficiencies (ICMAOI)Open Access JournalBurkitt lymphoma (BL) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are aggressive forms of lymphoma in adults and demonstrate overlapping morphology, immunophenotype and clinical behavior. The risk of developing these tumors increases ten to hundred-fold in the setting of HIV infection. The genetic causes and the role of specific mutations, especially in the setting of HIV, are largely unknown. The decoding of the human genome and the advent of high-throughput sequencing have provided rich opportunities for the comprehensive identification of the genetic causes of cancer. In order to comprehensively identify genes that are recurrently mutated in immune-competent DLBCL and BL, we obtained a total of 92 cases of DLBCLs and 40 cases of BL. These cases were compared to a set of 5 DLBCLs and BL tumors derived from patients with HIV. The DLBCL cases were divided into a discovery set (N=34) and …link_to_OA_fulltextThe 13th International Conference on Malignancies in AIDS and Other Acquired Immunodeficiencies (ICAMAOI), Bethesda, MD., 7-8 November 2011. In Infectious Agents and Cancer, 2011, v. 7 suppl. 1, article no. O