Random Lasing at Localization Transition in a Colloidal Suspension (TiO₂@Silica)

Anderson localization of light and random lasing in this critical regime is an open research frontier, which besides being a basic research topic could also lead to important applications. This article investigates the random laser action at the localization transition in a strongly disordered scattering medium composed of a colloidal suspension of core–shell nanoparticles (TiO₂@Silica) in ethanol solution of Rhodamine 6G. The classical superfluorescence band of the random laser was measured separately by collecting the emission at the back of the samples, showing a linear dependence with pumping fluence without gain depletion. However, frontal collection showed saturation of the absorption and emission. Narrow peaks of approximately equal intensity are observed on top of the classical superfluorescence band, indicating suppression of the interaction between the peaks modes. The linewidth of these peaks is lower than that of the passive modes of the scattering medium. A method called fraction of absorbed pumping allowed us to infer that this peak’s mode (localized modes) is confined to a shallow region near the input-pumping border

Tb³⁺→Eu³⁺ Energy Transfer in Mixed-Lanthanide-Organic Frameworks

In this work, we report a theoretical and experimental investigation of the energy transfer mechanism in two isotypical 2D coordination polymers, _∞[(Tb_1–<i>x</i>Eu_<i>x</i>)­(DPA)­(HDPA)], where H₂DPA is pyridine 2,6-dicarboxylic acid and <i>x</i> = 0.05 or 0.50. Emission spectra of _∞[(Tb_0.95Eu_0.05)­(DPA)­(HDPA)] and _∞[(Tb_0.5Eu_0.5)­(DPA)­(HDPA)], <b>(1)</b> and <b>(2)</b>, show that the high quenching effect on Tb³⁺ emission caused by Eu³⁺ ion indicates an efficient Tb³⁺→Eu³⁺ energy transfer (ET). The <i>k</i>_ET of Tb³⁺<i>→</i> Eu³⁺ ET and rise rates (<i>k</i>_r) of Eu³⁺ as a function of temperature for <b>(1)</b> are on the same order of magnitude, indicating that the sensitization of the Eu^3+ 5<i>D</i>₀ level is highly fed by ET from the ⁵<i>D</i>₄ level of Tb³⁺ ion. The η_ET and <i>R</i>₀ values vary in the 67–79% and 7.15 to 7.93 Å ranges. Hence, Tb³⁺ is enabled to transfer efficiently to Eu³⁺ that can occupy the possible sites at 6.32 and 6.75 Å. For <b>(2)</b>, the ET processes occur on average with η_ET and <i>R</i>₀ of 97% and 31 Å, respectively. Consequently, Tb³⁺ ion is enabled to transfer energy to Eu³⁺ localized at different layers. The theoretical model developed by Malta was implemented aiming to insert more insights about the dominant mechanisms involved in the ET between lanthanides ions. Calculated single Tb³⁺→ Eu³⁺ ETs are three orders of magnitude inferior to those experimentally; however, it can be explained by the theoretical model that does not consider the role of phonon assistance in the Ln³⁺<i>→</i> Ln³⁺ ET processes. In addition, the Tb³⁺→ Eu³⁺ ET processes are predominantly governed by dipole–dipole (d–d) and dipole–quadrupole (d<i>–</i>q) mechanisms