15,775 research outputs found
Helical liquids and Majorana bound states in quantum wires
We show that the combination of spin-orbit coupling with a Zeeman field or
strong interactions may lead to the formation of a helical liquid in
single-channel quantum wires. In a helical liquid, electrons with opposite
velocities have opposite spin precession. We argue that zero-energy Majorana
bound states are formed in various situations when the wire is situated in
proximity to a conventional s-wave superconductor. This occurs when the
external magnetic field, the superconducting gap, or, in particular, the
chemical potential vary along the wire. We discuss experimental consequences of
the formation of the helical liquid and the Majorana bound states.Comment: 4+epsilon page
Mass-to-Radius Ratio for the Millisecond Pulsar J0437-4715
Properties of X-ray radiation emitted from the polar caps of a radio pulsar
depend not only on the cap temperature, size, and position, but also on the
surface chemical composition, magnetic field, and neutron star's mass and
radius. Fitting the spectra and the light curves with neutron star atmosphere
models enables one to infer these parameters. As an example, we present here
results obtained from the analysis of the pulsed X-ray radiation of a nearby
millisecond pulsar J0437-4715. In particular, we show that stringent
constraints on the mass-to-radius ratio can be obtained if orientations of the
magnetic and rotation axes are known, e.g., from the radio polarization data.Comment: 2 figures, aasms4.sty; accepted for publication in ApJLetter
The spark-associated soliton model for pulsar radio emission
We propose a new, self-consistent theory of coherent pulsar radio emission
based on the non-stationary sparking model of Ruderman & Sutherland (1975),
modified by Gil & Sendyk (2000) in the accompanying Paper I. According to these
authors, the polar cap is populated as densely as possible by a number of
sparks with a characteristic perpendicular dimension D approximately equal to
the polar gap height scale h, separated from each other also by about h. Each
spark reappears in approximately the same place on the polar cap for a time
scale much longer than its life-time and delivers to the open magnetosphere a
sequence of electron-positron clouds which flow orderly along a flux tube of
dipolar magnetic field lines. The overlapping of particles with different
momenta from consecutive clouds leads to effective two-stream instability,
which triggers electrostatic Langmuir waves at the altitudes of about 50
stellar radii. The electrostatic oscillations are modulationally unstable and
their nonlinear evolution results in formation of ``bunch-like'' charged
solitons. A characteristic soliton length along magnetic field lines is about
30 cm, so they are capable of emitting coherent curvature radiation at radio
wavelengths. The net soliton charge is about 10^21 fundamental charges,
contained within a volume of about 10^14 cm^3. For a typical pulsar, there are
about 10^5 solitons associated with each of about 25 sparks operating on the
polar cap at any instant. One soliton moving relativisticaly along dipolar
field lines with a Lorentz factor of the order of 100 generates a power of
about 10^21 erg/s by means of curvature radiation. Then the total power of a
typical radio pulsar can be estimated as being about 10^(27-28) erg/s.Comment: 27 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Ap
Multiple cyclical fractional structures in financial time series
This paper analyses multiple cyclical structures in financial time series. In particular, we focus on the monthly structure of the Nasdaq, the Dow Jones and the Standard&Poor stock market indices. The three series are modelled as long-memory processes with poles in the spectrum at multiple frequencies, including the long-run or zero frequency
Microscopic nanomechanical dissipation in gallium arsenide resonators
We report on a systematic study of nanomechanical dissipation in
high-frequency (approximatively 300 MHz) gallium arsenide optomechanical disk
resonators, in conditions where clamping and fluidic losses are negligible.
Phonon-phonon interactions are shown to contribute with a loss background
fading away at cryogenic temperatures (3 K). Atomic layer deposition of alumina
at the surface modifies the quality factor of resonators, pointing towards the
importance of surface dissipation. The temperature evolution is accurately
fitted by two-level systems models, showing that nanomechanical dissipation in
gallium arsenide resonators directly connects to their microscopic properties.
Two-level systems, notably at surfaces, appear to rule the damping and
fluctuations of such high-quality crystalline nanomechanical devices, at all
temperatures from 3 to 300K
Production cross-sections and momentum distributions of fragments from neutron-deficient 36Ar at 1.05 A.GeV
We have measured production cross sections and longitudinal momentum
distributions of fragments from neutron-deficient 36Ar at 1.05 A.GeV. The
production cross-sections show excellent agreement with the predictions of the
semiempirical formula EPAX. We have compared these results, involving extremly
neutron deficient nuclei, with model calculations to extract informa tion about
the response of these models close to the driplines. The longitudinal momentum
distributions have also been extracted and are compared with the Goldhaber and
Morrissey systematics.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figure
Surface Hopping Dynamics with the Frenkel Exciton Model in a Semiempirical Framework
We present an implementation of the Frenkel exciton model in the framework of the semiempirical floating occupation molecular orbitals-configuration interaction (FOMO-CI) electronic structure method, aimed at simulating the dynamics of multichromophoric systems, in which excitation energy transfer can occur, by a very efficient approach. The nonadiabatic molecular dynamics is here dealt with by the surface hopping method, but the implementation we proposed is compatible with other dynamical approaches. The exciton coupling is computed either exactly, within the semiempirical approximation considered, or by resorting to transition atomic charges. The validation of our implementation is carried out on the trans-azobenzeno-2S-phane (2S-TTABP), formed by two azobenzene units held together by sulfur bridges, taken as a minimal model of multichromophoric systems, in which both strong and weak exciton couplings are present
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