1,381 research outputs found
Quasielastic Charged-Current Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering with Nonrelativistic Nuclear Energy Density Functionals
Charged-current neutrino-nucleus scattering is studied in the quasielastic
region with the KIDS (Korea-IBS-Daegu-SKKU) nuclear energy density functional.
We focus on the uncertainties stemming from the axial mass and the in-medium
effective mass of the nucleon. Comparing the result of theory to the
state-of-the-art data from MiniBooNE, T2K, and MINERA, we constrain the
axial mass and the effective mass that are compatible with the data. We find
that the total cross section is insensitive to the effective mass, so the axial
mass could be determined independently of the uncertainty in the effective
mass. Differential cross sections at different kinematics are, on the other
hand, sensitive to the effective mass as well as the axial mass. Within the
uncertainty of the axial mass constrained from the total cross section,
dependence on the effective mass is examined. As a result we obtain the axial
mass and the effective mass that are consistent with the experimental data.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figure
Differentiation, Evaluation, and Application of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Endothelial Cells
The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology paves the way to generate large numbers of patient-specific endothelial cells (ECs) that can be potentially delivered for regenerative medicine in patients with cardiovascular disease. In the last decade, numerous protocols that differentiate EC from iPSC have been developed by many groups. In this review, we will discuss several common strategies that have been optimized for human iPSC-EC differentiation and subsequent studies that have evaluated the potential of human iPSC-EC as a cell therapy or as a tool in disease modeling. In addition, we will emphasize the importance of using in vivo vessel-forming ability and in vitro clonogenic colony–forming potential as a gold standard with which to evaluate the quality of human iPSC-EC derived from various protocols
Neutron skin of Al with Skyrme and Korea-IBS-Daegu-SKKU density functionals
Recent measurement of the parity-violating (PV) asymmetry in the elastic
electron scattering on Al target evokes the interest in the distribution
of the neutron in the nucleus. In this work, we calculate the neutron skin
thickness () of Al with nonrelativistic nuclear structure
models. We focus on the role of the effective mass, symmetry energy and pairing
force. Models are selected to have effective masses in the range
where is the nucleon mass in free space, and stiffness of the symmetry
energy is varied by choosing the slope of the symmetry energy in the range 9.4
-- 100.5 MeV. Effect of pairing force is investigated by calculating
with and without pairing, and using two different forms of the pairing force.
With nine models, we obtain fm. The result is
independent of the effective mass, symmetry energy, and the form of pairing
force. However, is negative when the pairing force is switched off, so
the pairing force plays an essential role to make positive and
constrained in a narrow range. We also calculate the PV asymmetry () in the elastic electron-Al scattering in the Born approximation at
the kinematics of the Qweak experiment. We obtain a very narrow-ranged result
(2.07 -- 2.09) . The result is consistent with
the experiment and insensitive to the effective mass, symmetry energy and
pairing force.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figure
Nuclear mass table in density functional approach inspired by neutron-star observations
Background: Nuclear energy-density functional (EDF) approach has been widely
used to describe nuclear-matter equations of state (EoS) and properties of
finite nuclei. Recent advancements in neutron-star (NS) observations have put
constraints on the nuclear EoS. The Korea-IBS-Daegu-SKKU (KIDS) functional has
been then developed to satisfy the NS observations and applied to homogeneous
nuclear matter and spherical nuclei. Purpose: We examine the performance of the
KIDS functional by calculating the masses and charge radii of even-even nuclei
towards the drip lines. Method: The Kohn-Sham-Bogoliubov equation is solved by
taking into account the axial deformation. Results: The root-mean-square
deviation of the binding energy and the charge radius for the KIDS functional
is 4.5--5.1 MeV and 0.03--0.04 fm, which is comparable to that for existing
EDFs. The emergence and development of nuclear deformation in open-shell nuclei
are well described. The location of the neutron drip line is according to the
nuclear-matter parameter characterizing the low-mass NS. Conclusions: The
NS-observation-inspired EDF offers a reasonable reproduction of the structures
of finite nuclei. A future global optimization including more nuclear data will
give better accuracy and high predictive power of neutron-rich nuclei.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, and 2 table
Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Endogenous Antioxidants for Patients with Chronic Subjective Dizziness
As a neurotologic disorder of persistent non-vertiginous dizziness, chronic subjective dizziness (CSD) arises unsteadily by psychological and physiological imbalance. The CSD is hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to complex motions visual stimuli. However, the pathophysiological features and mechanism of the CSD still remains unclearly. The present study was purposed to establish possible endogenous contributors of the CSD using serum samples from patients with the CSD. A total 199 participants were gathered and divided into two groups; healthy (n = 152, male for 61, and female for 91) and CSD (n = 47, male for 5, female for 42), respectively. Oxidative stress parameters such as, hydrogen peroxide and reactive substances were significantly elevated (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001), whereas endogenous antioxidant components including total glutathione contents, and activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase were significantly deteriorated in the CSD group (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001) as comparing to the healthy group, respectively. Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor -α and interferon-γ were significantly increased in the CSD participants (p < 0.001). Additionally, emotional stress related hormones including cortisol, adrenaline, and serotonin were abnormally observed in the serum levels of the CSD group (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001). Our results confirmed that oxidative stress and antioxidants are a critical contributor of pathophysiology of the CSD, and that is first explored to establish features of redox system in the CSD subjects compared to a healthy population
Effects of Symmetry Energy on the Equation of State for Hybrid Neutron Stars
In this paper, the implications of the symmetry energy on the hadron and
quark phase transitions in the compact star, including the properties of the
possible configurations of the quark-hadron hybrid stars, are investigated in
the frameworks of the energy-density functional (EDF) models and the flavor
SU(2) Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model with the help of the Schwinger's
covariant proper-time regularization (PTR) scheme. In this {theoretical setup},
the equations of states (EoSs) of hadronic matter for various values of
symmetry energies obtained from the EDF models are employed to describe the
hadronic matter, and the {flavor} SU(2) NJL model with various repulsive-vector
interaction strengths are used to describe the quark matter. We then observe
the obtained EoS in the mass-radius properties of the hybrid star
configurations for various vector interactions and nuclear symmetry energies by
solving the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation. We obtain that the critical
density at which the phase transition occurs varies over the density
(3.6--6.7) depending on the symmetry energy and the strength of the
vector coupling . The maximum mass of the neutron star (NS) is susceptible
to . When there is no repulsive force, the NS maximum mass is only about
, but it becomes larger than when the vector coupling
constant is about half of the {attractive} scalar coupling constant.
Surprisingly, the presence of the quark matter does not affect the canonical
mass of NS (), so observing the canonical mass of NSs can provide
unique constraints to the EoS of hadronic matter at high densities.Comment: 20 pages, 5 figures, 1 tabl
Neutrino propagation in the neutron star with uncertainties from nuclear, hadron, and particle physics
In the present work, we investigate the neutral-current neutrino-nucleon
scattering in the nuclear medium using various energy-density functional (EDF)
models such as the KIDS (Korea-IBS-Daegu-SKKU) and SLy4, together with the
quark-meson coupling (QMC) model for the nucleon form factors at finite
density. The differential cross section (DCS) and neutrino mean free path
(NMFP) are computed numerically, considering the density-dependent nucleon form
factors (DDFF) and neutrino structural properties such as the neutrino magnetic
moment (NMM) and its electric charge radius (NCR). It turns out that the DDFF
decreases the scattering cross-section, while the NCR increases it
considerably. The effect of the NMM turns out to be almost negligible. We also
observe that the value of the neutron effective mass is of importance in the
neutron-star cooling process, indicating that for the neutron effective mass
larger than the mass in free space, the neutrino can interact with matter at
densities in the neutron star with radius 13 km.Comment: 16 pages, 2 tables, 12 figure
Role of nucleon effective mass and symmetry energy on the neutrino mean free path in neutron star
The Korea-IBS-Daegu-SKKU energy density functional (KIDS-EDF) models, derived
from the universal Skyrme functional, have been successfully and widely applied
in describing the properties of finite nuclei and infinite nuclear matter. In
the present work, we extend the applications of the KIDS-EDF models to
investigate the implications of the nucleon effective mass and nuclear symmetry
energy obtained from the KIDS-EDF models on the properties of neutron star (NS)
and neutrino interaction with the NS constituents matter in the linear response
approximation (LRA). We then analyze the total differential cross-section of
neutrino, neutrino mean free path (NMFP), and the NS mass-radius (M-R)
relations. We find that the NS M-R relations predictions for all KIDS-EDF
models are in excellent agreement with the recent observations as well as the
NICER result. Remarkable prediction results on the NMFPs are given by the
KIDS0-m*77 and KIDS0-m*99 models with which are quite
higher in comparison with those obtained for the KIDS0, KIDS-A, and KIDS-B
models with . For the KIDS0, KIDS-A, and KIDS-B models, we
obtain the , indicating that these models
support the slow NS cooling and neutrino trapping in NS. On the contrary, both
KIDS0-m*77 and KIDS0-m*99 models support faster NS cooling and a small
possibility of neutrino trapping within NS, predicting . More interestingly the NMFP decreases as the density and
neutrino energy increase, which is consistent with those obtained in the
Brussels-Montreal Skyrme (BSk17 and BSk18) models at saturation density.Comment: 24 pages, 2 tables, 22 figure
- …