Terminologia anatomica in the past and the future from perspective of 110th anniversary of Polish Anatomical Terminology

Professional terminology is commonplace, particularly in the fields of mathematics, medicine, veterinary and natural sciences. The use of the terminology can be international, as it is with Anatomical Terminology (AT). In the early age of modern education, anatomists adopted Latin as the international language for AT. However, at the end of the 20th century, the English language became more predominant around the world. It can be said that the AT is a specific collection of scientific terms. One of the major flaws in early AT was that body structures were described by varying names, while some of the terms was irrational in nature, and confusing. At this time, different international committees were working on preparing a unified final version of the AT, which in the end consisted of 5,640 terms (4,286 originally from the Basle Nomina Anatomica, BNA). Also, each country wanted to have its own nomenclature. In order to accomplish this, each country based their nomenclature on the international AT, and then translated it into their own language. The history of the Polish Anatomical Terminology (PAT) is unique, and follows the events of history. It was first published in 1898, at a time when its neighbours partitioned the territory of Poland. During 150 years, the Polish culture and language was under the Russification and Germanization policy. It is important to note, that even with such difficult circumstances, the PAT was the first national AT in the world. The PAT was a union of the accepted first BNA in Latin and the original Polish anatomical equivalents. This union formed the basis for theoretical and clinical medicine in Poland. (Folia Morphol 2008; 67: 87–97

Is manual foot lenght measurement of comparable value to ultrasound femur and humerus measurement in anatomical studies for the assessment of foetal age?

Contemporary anatomical studies require reliable methods for determining foetal age. Menstrual age is often found to be inadequate. A combination of several anatomical features showing age-dependency may result both in exact age approximation and pathology detection. The authors compared the manual foot length measurements with the ultrasound femur and humerus length measurements of aborted foetuses in the calculation of foetal age. The correlation between femur length and foot length as well as humerus length and foot length were statistically significant. The expected value formulae for foot length are presented. The authors conclude that foetal age assessment based on foot length metering is reliable before the 7th calendar month of pregnancy and correlates with ultrasound measurements of the humerus and femur

The inferior intercavernous sinus : an anatomical study with application to trans-sphenoidal approaches to the pituitary gland

CITATION: Wahl, L. et al. 2020. The inferior intercavernous sinus: An anatomical study with application to trans-sphenoidal approaches to the pituitary gland. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 196, doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106000.The original publication is available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/clinical-neurology-and-neurosurgeryObjectives: The inferior intercavernous sinus is located below the pituitary gland in the sella turcica. Its presence has been controversial among anatomists because it is not always found on radiological imaging or during cadaveric dissections; however, it is becoming a better-known structure in the neurosurgical and radiological fields, specifically with respect to transsphenoidal surgery. Therefore, the present study was performed to better elucidate this structure at the skull base. Patients and methods: Fifty adult, latex injected cadavers underwent dissection. The presence or absence of the inferior cavernous sinus was evaluated and when present, measurements of its width and length were made. Its connections with other intradural venous sinuses were also documented. Results: An inferior intercavernous sinus was identified in 26 % of specimens. In all specimens, it communicated with the left and right cavernous sinus. The average width and length were 3 mm and 9.5 mm, respectively. In the sagittal plane, the inferior intercavernous sinus was positioned anteriorly in 31 %, at the nadir of the sella turcica in 38 %, and slightly posterior to the nadir of the sella turcica in 31 %. In two specimens (15.4 %), the sinus was plexiform in its shape. In one specimen a diploic vein connected the basilar venous plexus to the inferior intercavernous sinus on its deep surface. Conclusion: An improved understanding of the variable anatomy of the inferior intercavernous sinus is important in pathological, surgical, and radiological cases.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303846720303437?via%3DihubPublishers versio