16 research outputs found

    “At ‘Amen Meals’ It’s Me and God” Religion and Gender: A New Jewish Women’s Ritual

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    New ritual practices performed by Jewish women can serve as test cases for an examination of the phenomenon of the creation of religious rituals by women. These food-related rituals, which have been termed ‘‘amen meals’’ were developed in Israel beginning in the year 2000 and subsequently spread to Jewish women in Europe and the United States. This study employs a qualitative-ethnographic methodology grounded in participant-observation and in-depth interviews to describe these nonobligatory, extra-halakhic rituals. What makes these rituals stand out is the women’s sense that through these rituals they experience a direct con- nection to God and, thus, can change reality, i.e., bring about jobs, marriages, children, health, and salvation for friends and loved ones. The ‘‘amen’’ rituals also create an open, inclusive woman’s space imbued with strong spiritual–emotional energies that counter the women’s religious marginality. Finally, the purposes and functions of these rituals, including identity building and displays of cultural capital, are considered within a theoretical framework that views ‘‘doing gender’’ and ‘‘doing religion’’ as an integrated experience

    Never in Place : Eliade and Judaïc Sacred Space / Jamais à sa place. Eliade et l'espace sacré dans le judaïsme

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    Place is a central phenomenon in Israel. Contemporary Israeli reality is a consequence of the movement of return of Jews to their ancient place, and thereby of the return of "the place" to the fore of Judaic discourse. The return to the place confronts Israelis not only with Palestinians but with themselves as Jews who are reluctant to become ordinary natives confined by the contours of a specific territory. The Judaic notion of Israeli identity is inscribed in the land and in its books - the biblical and post biblical scriptures - incorporated by the Zionist discourse. The study of the prevalent notions of the Israeli/Judaic place reveals that it hardly bears a simple sense of nativity, centrality, cosmology and sacredeness. These concepts, commonly used in anthropology to render what place is, are not taken for granted in Judaic texts nor in Israeli reality. In Judaic thought the place is highly important, but it is always in resistance to as well as in compliance with the idea of the Divine. This element of unplaceability is explored in the present paper, juxtaposing it with the conceptions of Mircea Eliade and of some of his critics. The analysis draws on a selection of mythical/religious motives concerning the whole land of Canaan as place, and on the Jerusalem temple as a paradigmatic case of sacred place, and concludes with a discussion of the unique problematic of sacred place in contemporary Israel.La question du lieu est centrale en IsraĂ«l. La rĂ©alitĂ© israĂ©lienne est la consĂ©quence du mouvement de retour des juifs Ă  leur ancien lieu et, de ce fait, du retour du "lieu" Ă  l'avant du discours juif. Leur retour au lieu confronte les IsraĂ©liens non seulement aux Palestiniens mais aussi Ă  eux-mĂȘmes en tant que juifs peu enclins Ă  se considĂ©rer comme de vulgaires autochtones enfermĂ©s dans les limites d'un territoire circonscrit. Pour le judaĂŻsme l'identitĂ© d'IsraĂ«l est inscrite dans la terre et dans ses livres - bibliques et post-bibliques - lesquels ont Ă©tĂ© intĂ©grĂ©s dans le discours sioniste. L'Ă©tude des idĂ©es les plus rĂ©pandues sur le lieu juif/israĂ©lien rĂ©vĂšle que celles-ci se limitent rarement aux seules notions de nativitĂ©, centralitĂ©, cosmologie et sacralitĂ©. Ces concepts, souvent utilisĂ©s en anthropologie pour donner un contenu au lieu, ne sont admis d'emblĂ©e ni par les textes du judaĂŻsme ni par la rĂ©alitĂ© israĂ©lienne. Si la pensĂ©e juive accorde la plus haute importance au lieu, celui-ci se heurte toujours pourtant Ă  la rĂ©sistance que lui oppose l'idĂ©e du divin. C'est cette difficultĂ© qu'Ă©prouve la pensĂ©e juive Ă  assigner une place au lieu qui fait l'objet du prĂ©sent article, juxtaposĂ©e aux conceptions de MircĂ©a Eliade et de quelques-uns de ses critiques. L'analyse dessine quelques motifs mythico-religieux : la terre de Canaan comme lieu, le Temple de JĂ©rusalem comme paradigme du lieu saint. Elle se clĂŽt par une discussion autour de la problĂ©matique du lieu saint dans l'IsraĂ«l contemporain.El tema del «lugar» es central en Israel. La realidad israelita es la con secuencia del retorno de los judios a su antiguo «lugar» y, por esta razĂłn, del retorno del «lugar» como tema central del discurso judios. El retorno al «lugar» confronta los Israelitas no Ășnicamente con los Palestinos sino con ellos mismos en tanto que judĂ­os que aceptan difĂ­cilmente el considerarse como simples autĂłctonos encerrados en los mites de un territorio preciso. Para el Judaismo la identidad de Israel estĂĄ inscrita en la tierra en los libros - bĂ­licos y postbĂ­blicos - los cuales has sido integrados en el discurso sionista. El estudio de las ideas mĂĄs difundidas sobre el «lugar judiol/israelita» evidencia que en muy pocos casos se refiere Ășnicamente las nociones de natividad, centralidad, cosmologĂ­a sacralidad. Estos conceptos, utilizados frecuentemente en antropologĂ­a para dar un contenido al «lugar», no son aceptado ni por los textos del judaismo ni por la realidad israelita. Si bien es cierto que el pensamiento judĂ­o asigna la mĂĄs grande importancia al «lugar» no es menos cierto que ese «lugar» se enfrenta siempre la resistencia que la idea de lo divino le opone. Es esta dificultad que encuentra el pensamiento judĂ­o a acordar un espacio al «lugar» que constituye en tema del presente artĂ­culo juxtapuesto las concepciones de Mircea Eliade algunos de sus crĂ­ticos. El anĂĄlisis se refiere algunos de los motivos mĂ­tico-religiosos: la tierra de Canaan como «lugar», el Templo de JerusalĂ©n como paradigma del lugar santo. El artĂ­culo concluye con una discusiĂłn entorno la problemĂĄtica del lugar santo en el Israel contemporĂĄneo.Gurevitch Zali, Aran Gideon. Never in Place : Eliade and JudaĂŻc Sacred Space / Jamais Ă  sa place. Eliade et l'espace sacrĂ© dans le judaĂŻsme. In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°87, 1994. pp. 135-152
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