Isospora pitiguari Lopes, Berto, Luz, Galvão, Ferreira & Lopes, 2014, n. sp.

<i>Isospora pitiguari</i> n. sp. <p> <b>Type host:</b> Rufous-browed peppershrike <i>Cyclarhis gujanensis</i> Gmelin, 1789 (Aves: Passeriformes: Vireonidae).</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Marambaia Island (23°04’S, 43°53’W), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.</p> <p> <b>Site of infection.</b> Not investigated.</p> <p> <b>Type-material.</b> One-half of the oocysts were kept in 10% aqueous buffered formalin (v/v) and the other half were stored in 70% ethanol according Duszynski & Gardner (1991). Both samples were deposited in the Parasitology Collection, in the Department of Animal Parasitology, at UFRRJ, located in Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Phototypes and line drawings were deposited as well. The repository number is P-46/2013.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epitaph is derived from the common local name for the host, which is ‘pitiguari’.</p> <p> <b>Description</b> (Figs 1 a–c; 2a–c). Oocyst shape (n = 11) spherical to sub-spherical; oocyst wall bilayered; wall thickness 1.5 (1.3–1.6); outer wall smooth, <i>c.</i> 2/3 of total thickness; L × W = 26.8 × 25.7 (23–28 × 23–28), L/W ratio = 1.0 (1.0–1.1); M, PG and OR: absent. Sporocyst shape (n = 11) rounded to slightly ovoidal; L × W = 14.4 × 11.6 (13–15 × 10–13); L/W ratio = 1.2 (1.2–1.3); SB present, flattened, 0.5 high × 2.5 wide; SSB present, prominent, rounded, 2.0 high <i>×</i> 3.0 wide; PSB absent; SR present, composed of granules of different sizes; SZ vermiform with 1 posterior SRB and centrally located N.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Isospora pitiguari</i> differs from other <i>Isospora</i> species from the passerines of same Parvorder (Table 1). In <i>I. pitiguari</i> lack PG, which is present in <i>Isospora brachyrhynchi</i> Wobester & Cawthorn, 1985, <i>Isospora cyanocoracis</i> Upton, Current & Clubb, 1985, <i>Isospora calocitta</i> Upton, Wright & Langen, 1995 and <i>Isospora samoaensis</i> Adamczyk, McQuistion & LaPointe, 2004. Besides, these four species have elongated/ ovoidal sporocysts, whereas in <i>I. pitiguari</i> the sporocysts are sub-spherical (Berto <i>et al.</i> 2011).</p>Published as part of <i>Lopes, Bruno Do Bomfim, Berto, Bruno Pereira, Luz, Hermes Ribeiro, Galvão, Gideão Da Silva, Ferreira, Ildemar & Lopes, Carlos Wilson Gomes, 2014, Isospora pitiguari n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the rufous-browed peppershrike (Aves: Passeriformes: Vireonidae) Cyclarhis gujanensis Gmelin, 1789, pp. 95-100 in Zootaxa 3760 (1)</i> on pages 95-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3760.1.7, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/229080">http://zenodo.org/record/229080</a&gt

Isospora pitiguari n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the rufous-browed peppershrike (Aves: Passeriformes: Vireonidae) Cyclarhis gujanensis Gmelin, 1789

Lopes, Bruno Do Bomfim, Berto, Bruno Pereira, Luz, Hermes Ribeiro, Galvão, Gideão Da Silva, Ferreira, Ildemar, Lopes, Carlos Wilson Gomes (2014): Isospora pitiguari n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the rufous-browed peppershrike (Aves: Passeriformes: Vireonidae) Cyclarhis gujanensis Gmelin, 1789. Zootaxa 3760 (1): 95-100, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3760.1.

Toxicidade, atividade antioxidante e caracterização fitoquímica das raízes e folhas de Coccoloba mollis.

Coccoloba mollis é uma planta medicinal utilizada em Londrina, Paraná Brasil. O extrato das raízes apresentou  maior atividade contra a Artemia salina (CL50 68.5 microg/mL) do que o extrato das folhas (CL50 1342 microg mL) e demonstrou boa atividade quando comparada com o controle positivo [K2CrO4 (16.24 microg /mL)]. A avaliação do potencial antioxidante pelo método do radical livre difenilpicrilidrazil-DPPH dos extratos das raízes e das folhas exibiu resultado semelhante ao obtido com o BHT (Butylated hydroxytoluene = 2,6-Di-terc-butil-metil fenol).  Na caracterização química as substâncias identificadas no extrato das folhas foram uma mistura de hidrocarbonetos de cadeias longas, ácidos carboxílicos e a 3-taraxerona. Do extrato das raízes foram identificadas duas antraquinonas (emodina e fisciona). A quimioprospecção farmacognóstica revelou a presença de flavonóides e taninos nas folhas e nas raízes e de antraquinonas somente nas raízes. Os resultados da análise foram negativos para as classes de alcalóides, cumarinas, saponinas e fenóis simples.  Concluímos que a identificação da emodina e fisciona nos extratos das raízes corroboram com o uso popular atribuído a este fitoterápico na região de Londrina

Toxicity, antioxidant activity and phytochemical characterization of Coccoloba mollis roots and leaves

Coccoloba mollis is a plant that is used in medicine in Londrina, Brazil. The root extract showed stronger activity against A. salina (68.5 μg/mL) than did the leaf extract (1342 μg mL), and demonstrated good activity when compared with the positive control (16.24 μg /mL). The antioxidant potential (Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl – DPPH) of root and leaf extracts was comparable to that of commonly used BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). In the chemical characterization the compounds identified were a mixture of long chain hydrocarbons, carboxyl esters and 3-taraxerone from leaf ethanolic extract and two anthraquinones (emodin and physcion) from the root one. Phytochemical screening using pharmacognostic methodology revealed the presence of flavonoids and tannins in leaves and roots. Anthraquinones only in the roots. While this analysis resulted negative for alkaloids, coumarins, saponins and simple phenolics. We conclude that the identified emodin and physcion in roots extract, corroborate with the anti-stress action and the use for memory loss attributed by popular use of this medicinal plant in the Londrina region