Phosphorylation of p70S6K following an acute bout of resistance exercise before 16 weeks of resistance training and the percentage change in skeletal muscle mean fibre area following the training * P < 0.05.

<p>A) Fold change in P70S6K phosphorylation. B) Correlation between 5h fold change in P70S6K phosphorylation and the percentage change in skeletal muscle mean fibre area following the training period. r = 0.54, P = 0.007.</p

Anthropometric and DXA-derived body composition.

<p>Anthropometric and DXA-derived body composition.</p

Physical function and aerobic fitness assessments.

<p>Physical function and aerobic fitness assessments.</p

Baseline characteristics of participants.

<p>Baseline characteristics of participants.</p

Correlation between the fold change in muscle AR protein content and changes in skeletal muscle fibre area following 16 weeks of resistance training.

<p>r = 0.60, P=0.003.</p

Daily dietary intakes via self-report from 3-day food records.

<p>Daily dietary intakes via self-report from 3-day food records.</p

Correlation between the AUC of the acute IL-6 response to resistance exercise before 16 weeks of resistance training and the percentage change in skeletal muscle mean muscle fibre area following 16 weeks of resistance training.

<p>r=0.48, P = 0.019.</p

Fasting blood lipids and insulin sensitivity indices.

<p>Fasting blood lipids and insulin sensitivity indices.</p

The association of MSTN with SC following an acute bout of resistance exercise and 16 wks of resistance training.

<p>(A), representative image (merge) of a MSTN/Pax7/Laminin/MHCI immunofluorescent stain. The arrow denotes a MSTN+/Pax7+ cell associated to a type 2 fibre. Single channel views of (a) Pax7 (red), (b) MSTN (yellow), (c) DAPI (blue), and (d) MHCI and Laminin (green) are provided, scale bar measures 10 µm. Quantification of MSTN colocalization to SCs was done in a fiber type specific manner. The changes in colocalization as a result of (B) an acute bout of resistance exercise and (C) 16 weeks of training is displayed. * and ** denote significant differences from the pre timepoint (p<0.05 and p<0.001 respectively). # and ## denote significant differences from the 24 hour timepoint (p<0.05 and p<0.001 respectively).</p

Cell cycle kinetics following an acute bout of resistance exercise.

<p>SC cell cycle kinetics in response to a bout of resistance exercise was analyzed through flow cytometry analysis of Pax7/PI staining in the acute time-course pre-training. Percentage of SC (Pax7⁺) in (A) all cell cycle phases (G_o/G_I, S, G₂/M), and (B) S-phase are demonstrated. Representative FACS plots of cell cycle of Pax7+ cells pre (C), 24 h (D) and 72 h (E) following an acute bout of exercise. S phase is highlighted in each representative plot. Pax7+ cells in S phase represent 8.2% (C), 9.2% (D), and 12.3% (E) of total cells pre, 24 h and 72 h respectively. * denotes a significant difference from respective Pre timepoint (p<0.01).</p