国际化十年：一家澳大利亚零售银行的经验之谈

上个世纪最后四十年见证了国际银行业务和跨国银行业务显著增长的历程。推动这一发展的力量包括全球化、解除管制以及信息技术的发展。在19世纪及20世纪初发生的第一次现代意义上的跨国银行业务发展浪潮中，那些来自殖民宗主国的银行领导了时代潮流。而在最近的这次跨国银行业务扩张中，美国的金融机构占据了领导地位，这是与第一次明显不同的。因此，许多学术文章都着重研究美国的银行，包括他们的动机、经营战略以及国际化经验。此外，与银行业国际化的第一阶段相比，此次银行业的国际化扩张更大程度地突出了批发和机构银行业务，而不是零售银行业务（除了少数例外）。这一特点在近年来对跨国银行经营的学术研究中也体现得十分明显[ 有关调查，见Bain,et al (2001)。]。译者单位：厦门大学经济学院国际经济与贸易系（361005

Transverse momentum and pseudorapidity distributions of charged hadrons in pp collisions at (s)\sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV

Measurements of inclusive charged-hadron transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity distributions are presented for proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 0.9 and 2.36 TeV. The data were collected with the CMS detector during the LHC commissioning in December 2009. For non-single-diffractive interactions, the average charged-hadron transverse momentum is measured to be 0.46 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 0.9 TeV and 0.50 +/- 0.01 (stat.) +/- 0.01 (syst.) GeV/c at 2.36 TeV, for pseudorapidities between -2.4 and +2.4. At these energies, the measured pseudorapidity densities in the central region, dN(charged)/d(eta) for |eta| < 0.5, are 3.48 +/- 0.02 (stat.) +/- 0.13 (syst.) and 4.47 +/- 0.04 (stat.) +/- 0.16 (syst.), respectively. The results at 0.9 TeV are in agreement with previous measurements and confirm the expectation of near equal hadron production in p-pbar and pp collisions. The results at 2.36 TeV represent the highest-energy measurements at a particle collider to date