Penggunaan Herbisida Untuk Pengendalian Gulma Pada Budi Daya Kedelai Jenuh Air Di Lahan Pasang Surut

Weed is a problem on the soybean saturated culture in tidal swamp land. The objective of this study was to obtain the most effective herbicide for weed control on soybean planted under saturated culture in the tidal swamp land. Research was conducted in tidal swamp land at Banyu Urip village, Tanjung Lago districs, Banyuasin, South Sumatra Province, from July to December 2013, using a randomized block design consisted, of the eight treatments, with three replications. The treatments were: control (P0), manual weeding 4 weeks after planting (P1), paraquat 2 l/ha 4 weeks after planting (P2), glyphosate 3 l/ha 4 after planting (P3), oxyfluorfen 2 l/ha 3 days before planting (P4), oxyfluorfen 3 days before planting 2 l/ha followed application of paraquat 4 weeks after planting 2 l/ha (P5), oxyfluorfen 3 days before planting 2 l/ha followed application of glyphosate 4 weeks after planting 3 l/ha (P6), penoxulam 1 l/ha 2 weeks after planting (P7). Results showed that herbicide paraquat effectively suppressed total dry weight of weeds at 4, 6, and 8 weeks after planting. Cyperus iria was the most dominant weed in the field, with Sum Dominance Ratio 37.7%. The highest soybean productivity was 3.7 t/ha obtained from glyphosate treatment. Pre-emergence herbicide applications should be done prior to soybean planting and the post-emergence herbicide application must be done carefully by using nozzle lid to prevent toxicity to the crop plants

Respon Anatomi dan Fisiologi Akar Kedelai terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan

Drought stress in crop occurs due to imbalance between demand and supply of water. Crop responses to drought stress depend on their genotypes. Drought stress causes anatomical changes and root damage. The objective of this research was to study the effect of drought stress on anatomy and physiology of soybean root. The research was conducted at Laboratory of Microtechnique, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University in November 2013. A Completely Randomized Design with two factors was used in the research i.e. soybean genotypes (Wilis, PG 57-1, SC 39-1) and PEG (0, 20%) with three replications. The result showed that genotype and PEG affected the size of the cortex, stele, and xylem. PG 57-1 genotype showed the decrease of cortical thickness, diameter of stele and the diameter of xylem, on the other hand, in SC 39-1, there was an increase. Drought stress (PEG 20%) could also cause damage to the root membrane as indicated by the occurrence of lipid peroxides. Wilis and PG 57-1 were tolerant while SC 39-1 was sensitive to drought stress

Peningkatan Laju Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Flavonoid Klon Daun Dewa (Gynura Pseudochina (L.) DC) melalui Periode Pencahayaan

Lights are influential to increase plant flavonoids content. The bioactives is needed as medication for human cancer. The research objectives were to investigate the effect of lighting periods on the growth and flavonoid content of Gynura pseudochina clones. A split plot design was used with lighting periods as the main plots (100% light (full light) for 4 months; 25% shading for 1 month, full light 3 months; 25% shading for 2 months, full light for 2 months; 25% shading for 3 months, full light for 1 months; 25% shading for 4 months; 50% shading for 1 month, full light for 3 months; 50% shading for 2 months, full light for 2 months; 50% shading for 3 months, full light for 1 montht; 50% shading for 4 months) and sub plots were two clones (clone 9 from in vitro culture and clone 7 from shoot cuttings). The results showed that maximum LAI (Leaf Area Index) (2.72), RGR (Relative Growth Rate) (0.062 g/g/day), LAR (Leaf Area Ratio) (168.55 cm2/g) and NAR (Net Assimilation Rate) (0.00093 g/cm2/day) were obtained from plants grown under 50% shading for 4 months, full light for 4 months, 50% shading for 2 months and full light for 2 months, respectively. The maximum plant biomass (90.92g) was produced by plants grown under 50% shading for 1 month and full light for 3 months, while maximum total flavonoids content (11.92%) was obtained from plants under 50% shading for 3 months and full light for 1 month, whereas maximum anthocyanine content from those grown under 50% shading for 1 month and full light for 3 months. Clone 9 produced LAI, LAR, and anthocyanine content higher than clone 7, but RGR, NAR, total biomass, and total flavonoid content was lower than clone 7

Morpho-physiological and anatomical character changes of rice under waterlogged and water-saturated acidic and high Fe content soil

Waterlogging is one of the limiting factors in crop cultivation. Moreover, high iron (Fe) content in acidic soils could also disturb plant growth. However, there is limited scientific information of morpho-physiological and anatomical responses of rice grown in waterlogged acidic soils with high Fe. Therefore, the objective of the research was to investigate the morpho-physiological and anatomical responses of rice to waterlogged and water-saturated soil condition in acidic soil with high Fe. Morpho-physiological and anatomical characters of rice were evaluated. The results showed that the waterlogging in acidic and high Fe content soil disturbed the rice growth as indicated by the change of morpho-physiological and anatomical characters. The water-saturated soil showed better condition for rice cultivation than that of waterlogging. The plant biomass, root anatomical, lipid peroxidation level, Fe absorption, and leaf gas exchange parameter could be evidences of changes in rice under both conditions. Based on the waterlogging tolerance coefficient (WTC), we proposed shoot and root dry weight, cortex thickness, and Fe content in shoot as screening tools for waterlogging tolerance of rice in acidic and high Fe content soil. The finding offers insight about waterlogged condition in acidic and high Fe soil could be restored in crop cultivation

Kebutuhan Nitrogen Tanaman Kedelai Pada Tanah Mineral Dan Mineral Bergambut Dengan Budi Daya Jenuh Air

The development of soybean in tidal land is faced with problems such as physical, chemical and biological soil properties, that includes high organic matter, high soil acidity, toxicity of Fe and Al, and deficiency of nutrients N, P , K, Ca and Mg. N content is high (> 0.51%) but with low availability. The research objective is to determine the dose and timing of N, P and K fertilizer application in accordance with the needs of soybean crops in order to have optimal growth and yield per unit of land in mineral and peaty mineral soil in tidal swamp land. The research was conducted in mineral and peaty mineral soil of tidal swamp land type C and B, District of Tanjung Lago, Banyuasin, South Sumatera from April to August 2014. The experiment was arranged following split plots design. Wilis and Tanggamus varieties as main plot, application time: 2, 3, 4 WAP, 2, 3, 4, 5 WAP, and 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 WAP as sub plots and fertilizer concentration: 7.5, 10, 12.5 dan 15.0 g/l water as subsub plots with spraying volume of 400 l/ha. Research results showed that mineral soil, dry weight of nodules and Wilis biomass increased with increasing frequency time of fertilizer application, while Tanggamus more fluctuated and declined at higher frequency of fertilizer application. Interaction of Wilis variety, time of fertilizer 2-6 WAP and concentration of 15 g N/I generated the highest yield of 3,5 ton/ha. In the peaty mineral soil, dry weight of nodules and biomass were not significantly different. Wilis productivity tends to decrease with increasing N fertilizer concentrations. Tanggamus productivity tends to increase with increasing N fertilizer concentration at all level of time of fertilizer application. Tanggamus tends to generate higher productivity of 3,2 ton/ha at a concentration of 15 g N/I with time of fertilizer application 2-4 MST. Application of low concentration N at higher frequency of fertilizer application or otherwise, was able to improve the productivity of soybeans in soil with high pyrite content

Morfologi Malai Padi (Oryza Sativa L.) pada Beragam Aplikasi Pupuk Nitrogen

The effects of nitrogen fertilizer on agronomic and morphological characters depend on several factors such as genotypes and nitrogen rate. The study was aimed to evaluate nitrogen effects on rice panicle. A field experiment was conducted at Babakan Research Station during November 2015- February 2016 using a split-split plot design with three replicates. Nitrogen doses was a main plot, genotypes was a subplot, and time of application was a sub-subplot. A greenhouse experiment was carried out at PAIR, Jakarta during February-July 2017 using a completely randomized design with three replicates. The results from the field experiment indicated that the highest panicle number (13.25), number of filled grains (177.94) and spikelet number (213.76) were obtained at doses of 450 kg urea ha-1. Analysis of variance showed that the genotypic effects were significant for all traits observed, while the interaction effect between genotypes and time of nitrogen application was significant on the length of first grain from first node. However, the three-factors interactions were not significant for all traits. The greenhouse experiment revealed that both genotypes and N rates significantly affected all traits except for panicle number and the length of first grain from first node, respectively, while their interaction only significant for number of primary branch. Nitrogen increased all traits observed except the length of first grain from first node. Simultaneously, both experiments showed significant effects of genotypes for all traits observed. Doses of urea fertilizers above 400 kg ha-1 could improve the performance of panicle traits in order to increase yield potential