Measurement of enhancement kinetics using heuristic parameters in multiparametric MRI as markers of prostate cancer aggressiveness.

BackgroundDynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been used as a diagnostic modality with known added value in multi-parametric MRI (mp-MRI) characterisation of prostate cancers (PCa). Several methods have been applied to analyse DCE MRI data. The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of mp-MRI for detecting grade of prostate carcinomas in comparison to pathology using heuristic model-free parametric evaluation (wash-in and wash-out slope, etc.) provided by Tissue 4D (Siemens Multi-Modality Work Platform).Method21 patients with histologically proven prostate cancer who were scanned at 3T mp-MRI and opted for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy were recruited in this study. Post-prostatectomy pathology reports were considered as reference standard. The pathology specimens were processed by a special method to ensure exact orientation between imaging and slices of section during histopathology. Multi-parametric MRI data including conventional T1 and T2 weighted imaging (T1WI and T2WI), DWI and DCE-MRI was recorded. DCE-MRI was analysed in Tissue 4D using the two different methods: tofts model (Ktrans, kep values and the colour-distribution map for the perfusion parameters); wash-in and –out rates, which were calculated according to the parametric time-concentration curves.ResultsThere are 46 lesions detected in pathology of 21 prostatectomy specimen and mp-MRI correctly picked up 33 of them. Smaller lesions (2mm and less) with Gleason grade 3+4 were not identified by DCE-MRI. There was a strong trend towards a positive correlation between grade of cancer and enhancement rate as assessed by toft model.ConclusionDCE-MRI with the two difference methods could predict aggressiveness of prostate cancers more than 2mm in size. Smaller lesions and those with Gleason score 7 and less could still be a challenge for multiparamteric MRI detection method.</p

Orientation of imaging and histology of radical prostatectomy specimen in prostate cancer using 3D modelling and fabricated molds

BackgroundTo develop patient-specific 3T MRI data based rapid prototyping molds for sectioning prostatectomy specimens that would facilitate comparison between histopathology, in vivo MRI and Shear Wave Elastography (SWE).MethodPost-radical prostatectomy specimens were fixed in formalin and sectioned in similar orientation to T2-weighted MR scanning. This was facilitated by the use of mold prepared in biomedical software Mimics (Materialise, Belgium) and CAD software Solidworkds (Dassault Systèmes SolidWorks Corp., USA) through 3-D segmentation, reconstruction and rapid prototyping. The specimens were sliced with a single blade and the resultant MRI images defined tissue blocks were used for histopathology analysis. The multi-parametric MRI data, SWE and histological sectioning were compared to assess prostate cancer characteristics.ResultsThe prostatectomy specimen slices were very uniform in thickness with good quality histological sectioning. A number of cancer foci were picked up with some of them significant disease (Gleason grade 7 and more). Multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI), quantitative SWE data as measured in kilopascals and histopathology comparison showed good correspondence between the three images.ConclusionThe method described here allows a reliable orientation and comparison between imaging (mp-MRI, SWE) and histology of prostatectomy specimens and paves the way for the translation of imaging biomarkers, especially detection of significant cancers.</p

Computer aided image analysis and rapid prototyping molds using patient-specific MRI data for reliable comparison between imaging and histopathology of radical prostatectomy specimens

Legacy description not available</p

Basic information of life history variables for the studied population of ranging Yangtze finless porpoises in Tina-E-Zhou Oxbow and Poyang Lake.

<p>[BL = body length (cm); BW = body weight (Kg)].</p

Comparison of body weight/length ratio between the Poyang Lake and Tian-E-Zhou Oxbow YFPs.

<p>Comparison of body weight/length ratio between the Poyang Lake and Tian-E-Zhou Oxbow YFPs.</p

Biochemical parameters of ontogenetic groups.

<p>Biochemical parameters of ontogenetic groups.</p

Hematologic parameters of ontogenetic groups.

<p>Hematologic parameters of ontogenetic groups.</p

Blood parameters across the groups.

<p>YFPs living in the Tian-E-Zhou Oxbow (a) WBC, (b) neutrophil (c) lymphocyte and (d) PLT count. YFPs living in Poyang Lake (e) lymphocyte and (f) basophils count. Blood parameter in each population followed by the same letter was not significantly different at <i>P</i> = 0.05.</p

Biochemical parameters of reproductive states groups.

<p>Biochemical parameters of reproductive states groups.</p

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Microsatellite alteration and immunohistochemical expression profile of chromosome 9p21 in patients with sporadic renal cell carcinoma following surgical resection

Microsatellites analysis showing allelic deletion in tumour 9, 81 and 103 involving more than one marker (note differences in the red box). (JPG 85 kb