The level of well-being among small farmers: a case of Sindh province, Pakistan

Worldwide activities at government and non-government level are being conducted to improve the quality of life and well -being of people. These activities need to be evaluated/ assessed to observe the impact on society. Thus, the present study attempted to asses such activity in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. This study was carried out using survey method. The targeted population of this study was the small farmers of three districts who participated in a crop maximization project(CMP-II). The sample size was 455 at significance level of 5%. The multistage sampling method was employed and responses were recorded on a six-point Likert scale questionnaire.This study assessed the level of well -being among small farmers of Sindh province. The level of well-being was divided into four sections namely; material conditions, quality of life, human solidarity and sustainability. The present study revealed that, there is an overall moderate level (M = 212.18; SD = 46.43) of well-being among the beneficiaries. It is, therefore, concluded that projects like crop maximization improves the quality of life of the people and eventually contribute to the well-being of the people

Relations between India and Pakistan after Mumbai Attack 26/11

Mumbai is one of the best Indian cities that are easily reachable via Arabian Sea for the Pakistani public. It is also well known because of central point of multiple points for the high class and international tourists. A few years back on 27th of November in 2008, there were huge sequential attacks that destroyed many lives and injuries of innocent people. This attack mainly focused the high class people and the international tourists of Mumbai. This attack boosted up the differences between two states that is Pakistan and India. In response to the attack, the Indian Government and other higher authorities raised their voices against Pakistan. They claimed that Pakistan is the central place where terrorism is produced and promoted. In addition to this, India also held responsible Lashkar-e-Tayba for attacking Indian places. This cruel condition affected India-Pakistan relationship very much and raised a serious conflict between both states. Keywords: Political, Trade, Conflicts, India, Pakistan, Relation

The level of participation among small farmers of Sindh, Pakistan

The success and failure of the projects and programs mostly rely on the level of participation of the people. Participation has been considered as a process from a development perspective through which knowledge, skills, attitudes and values are further promoted in a people oriented approach. In Pakistan, efforts have been taken towards the participation of people in various projects and programs but a few studies have been conducted to assess the level of participation in such projects and programs. Thus, the present study was attempted to assess an activity of participation in Crop Maximization Project (CMP-II) in the province of Sindh Pakistan through survey method. The general population was the small farmers and the targeted population was the beneficiaries of three districts of Sindh. The sample size was 455 at significance level of 5%. The multistage sampling method was used and responses were recorded at six points Likert Scale Questionnaire.The level of participation was divided into three dimensions namely; decision-making, implementation and benefits. The results revealed that, high level of participation was among the beneficiaries of the CMP-II based on a summated mean score of (M=178.92) and (SD=31.36). Therefore, it is concluded that the level of participation in such project has an impact on the small farmers’ communities in three districts of Sindh province, Pakistan

Empowerment among small farmers of Sindh province, Pakistan

Community empowerment is an important goal for many governments in developing countries. Various activities for the empowerment of communities have been conducted in developing countries like Pakistan. The present research attempted to assess an activity of community empowerment on the Crop Maximization Project (CMP-II) in Sindh province, Pakistan. A total of 455 small farmers were surveyed using questionnaire in three districts namely; Khairpur, Nawabshah and Mirpurkhas. The level of empowerment was assessed based on three domains namely; capacity building, self-esteem and self-efficacy. The findings of the study showed that, there was a moderate level of empowerment among the beneficiaries (small farmers) of the crop maximization projects of the Sindh province based on a summed mean score of 178.77 for the three dimensions of empowerment. Therefore, it is concluded that projects like crop maximization are able to empower the beneficiaries as the intangible outcomes

Invite Internet Users to Honeynet Security to Improve VoIP Streaming Services

There are group of challenges in VoIP security, VoIP Quality and lots of peoples worked on it e.g., “IPSec security on VoIP”, “VoIP Honeypot architecture”, “cryptography techniques are used to safely transmit the information stream over the network” and many more. Security is a terminology which cannot be a perfect or 100%. For the time being we can be minimizing and protect to the threats but as the technology increases the new threats are also generating day by day. Researchers have applied different patterns, techniques and scenarios to prevent some specific threats and security frameworks for securing VoIP communication. But in this research, we want to analyze the quality of service after applying Honeynet security framework

Participation in crop maximization project, empowerment and well-being among small farmers of Sindh Province, Pakistan

The ultimate aim of community development is to improve the quality of life and well-being of community members. Achieving the well-being of community members through participation and empowerment approach is claimed to be effective in developing countries. These approaches of community development aim to engage or involve members of the community inthe process of improving their life conditions. It is also used as a strategy by government at the local level to provide a platform to improve the standard of living and quality of life of the people. Like other developing countries, the government of Pakistan through its agricultural department launched various development projects/ programs (i.e. Micro-finance schemes, food security programs, poverty alleviation program, farmers’ field school, crop-maximization projects, etc.) in order to improve the standard of living and quality of life of small farmers communities. In line with this, the present study focused on establishing the relationship between participation, empowerment and well-being among small farmers who participated in crop maximization project. This quantitative study surveyed 455 small farmers from six districts of the Sindh province of Pakistan who participated in crop maximization project using multistage cluster sampling technique. The result of this study showed that the socio-economic conditions of small farmers of the Sindh who participated in crop maximization project were low. The study revealed that, the level of participation was high but both empowerment and well-being were moderate. Further, the analysis of structural equation model indicated that the standardized path coefficient were consistent with the hypothesized model by indicating a large effect sizes which means that, participation contributes significantly to empowerment (β = .546, p < .05) and well-being (β = .585, p < .05). The first layer of analysis indicated that participation was statistically significant and positively related to empowerment (p < .05) and well-being (p < .05). In addition, the analysis of structural equation model indicated that the standardized indirect path coefficients of empowerment was significant to participation (p < .05) and well-being (p < .05) which indicated that, empowerment was a mediator in the relationship between participation and well-being. Based on the results, the researcher concluded that, there is a significant relationship between participation, empowerment and well-being; and empowerment also leads to the well-being of the small farmers of the Sindh province in Pakistan. This study also supported the theories that established a link between participation, empowerment and well-being. Findings of this study can be used by the Sindh/Pakistan government, agricultural department of the Sindh, Pakistan, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and policy makers to develop their policies and strategies for the betterment of the peasant communities in future

Empowerment Among Small Farmers of Sindh Province, Pakistan

Community empowerment is an important goal for many governments in developing countries. Various activities for the empowerment of communities have been conducted in developing countries like Pakistan. The present research attempted to assess an activity of community empowerment on the Crop Maximization Project (CMP-II) in Sindh province, Pakistan. A total of 455 small farmers were surveyed using questionnaire in three districts namely; Khairpur, Nawabshah and Mirpurkhas. The level of empowerment was assessed based on three domains namely; capacity building, self-esteem and self-efficacy. The findings of the study showed that, there was a moderate level of empowerment among the beneficiaries (small farmers) of the crop maximization projects of the Sindh province based on a summed mean score of 178.77 for the three dimensions of empowerment. Therefore, it is concluded that projects like crop maximization are able to empower the beneficiaries as the intangible outcomes

Study on Cultivators Associating Post Harvest Losses of Onion Vegetable in Sindh’s Mirpurkhas District

A study was carried out in Mirpurkhas District of Sindh Province during the year 2015-16, aiming to observe post-harvest losses of onions associated with the cultivators. Following the random sampling 60 respondents were selected from 12 villages of 06 Talukas in the District. Interviews were conducted for the collection of data. Problems expressed were as; high cost of fertilizers (93.33%), high cost of pesticides (93.33%), hand weeding is labour consuming and expensive (91.66%), labour problems during harvesting (85%), ineffective and costly weedicides (80%), lack of knowledge about recommended fertilizers doses for onion crop (80%) and lack of knowledge about improved varieties (68.33%). The problems in marketing of onion include lack of remunerative price (96.66%), fluctuation in market price (93.33%) and high charges of transportation (20%). The present study suggested that training/ awareness programs should be conducted for cultivators regarding establishing technical storage and handling onion problems