Triggering and protective factors of burnout in medical resident physicians in a lower-middle-income country: A cross-sectional study

Background: Residents and interns are prone to emotional and physical exhaustion, also known as burnout. Burnout has not been studied much in physicians working in lower-middle income countries. We conducted this study to determine the burden of burnout among internal medicine residents and to identify triggering and protective factors associated with burnout.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at two institutes in Karachi from 2018 to 2019. All residents registered in the internal medicine program for at least 6 months were invited to participate via an online survey. An abbreviated version of the Maslach Burnout scale was used to measure burnout, and protective and triggering factors were recorded according to known factors.Results: A total of 71 out of 92 (77%) residents participated. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 28 (3.1) years, 51 (71.8%) were females and 51 (71.8%) were junior residents. A total of 33 (46.5%) residents had burnout. Burnout and emotional exhaustion were more in female residents (p \u3c 0.05). None of the triggering factors attained statistical significance. The protective factors for burnout which showed significant association were good relationship with friends (OR 0.1-95% CI 0.0, 0.6), exercise and extra-curricular activities (OR 0.2-95% CI 0.0, 0.7), celebrating accomplishments (OR 0.2-95% CI 0.0, 0.7), having enough money (OR 0.2-95% CI 0.0, 0.4), and ability to plan for future (OR 0.1-95% CI 0.0, 0.6).Conclusion: More than a third of medicine residents suffered from burnout. We need to focus on rejuvenating activities for medicine residents to decrease burnout among them. If not addressed adequately this may result in a compromise in the quality of care being provided to patients

MODELING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SECONDARY EDUCATORS' CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, STUDENTS' ATTITUDES, AND THEIR LEARNING

Behaviour and attitude are both fundamental components of human nature. Some behaviours are innate, while others can be modified through various instrumental and psychological conditioning. This study emphasizes exploring the association between teachers and students on the basis of managing strategies. A researcher has used quantitative analysis to analyze the items of both teacher and student questionnaires. The tool for data collection was a survey of different proportions of public and private schools. To approach the target population, convenient sampling has been used to select the audience. In this research, only female students from the secondary level have been selected as respondents. The sample size has been different for both teachers as 50 and students as 300. Moreover, the objectives of the study were surrounded by managing strategies used by the teacher and the students' behaviour regarding these approaches to analyze whether they were effective for class management or not. This subject has its importance and findings showed that for all public and private schools to update and make necessary improvements in the context of teaching strategies that help the education system progress at the secondary level