Dissolution rates of various brands of proton pump inhibitors in combination with domperidone: an in vitro study

Background: Drug solubility, bioavailability, and dissolution rates are important in establishing in vivo efficacy. Eight brands of domperidone proton pump inhibitor combination drugs were compared to enable physicians to take an informed decision regarding the dissolution rates of various domperidone-PPI combinations available in the Indian market to allow identification and prescription of the drug with better bioavailability. Methods: The in vitro dissolution rate of a combination of domperidone-PPI drugs was measured using the United States Pharmacopeia dissolution paddle apparatus. Each flask of the dissolving testing apparatus contained one tablet and 900 mL of the media, which was dissolved in pure water with 1% Tween® stored at 37.4°C. At regular intervals, aliquots were removed, filtered, and the amount of drug released was measured. The cumulative drug release was calculated using a standard formula. Results: P04 and P07 had the fastest and the slowest onsets of action, respectively. P01 (Omez DSR) and P08 exhibited the longest and the shortest durations of action, respectively. The P05, P06, and P08 formulations had greater particulate matter than the other formulations. Under in vitro conditions, the bioavailability of Omez DSR was nearly two-fold higher than P07 and five-fold higher than P08. Conclusions: Although P04 exhibited the fastest onset of action, Omez DSR had the longest duration of action, superior bioavailability, and ensured the rapid and continuous release of domperidone. Omez DSR demonstrated superior properties compared with other brands

Correlation between Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of YSZ/Al2O3 Ceramics and Its Effect on High Speed Machining of Steel

An attempt has been made to correlate the mechanical properties with microstructure and machining performance of zirconia toughened alumina composite fabricated from different ratios of Al2O3 with yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) powder. The developed 3 mol% YSZ powder has been mixed with Al2O3 in the ratios of 10:90, 15:85 and 20:80 for fabrication of cutting inserts. Study reveals the relation between microstructure of the composites with the mechanical properties, i.e. hardness, fracture toughness, flexural strength. Conventional lathe NH-26 is used to evaluate the machining performance, i.e. flank wear, surface roughness and cutting force of all three types of developed inserts by machining of AISI 4340 steel bar. The maximum hardness, 15.55 GPa, has been obtained for 90% Al2O3 with 10% YSZ. The maximum values of fracture toughness (5.96 MPa.m1/2) and flexural strength (510 MPa) are noticed for 80% Al2O3 with 20% YSZ. The analysis also shows that when the YSZ percentage increases, the smaller grain size of YSZ particle and crack bridging phenomena enhances the mechanical properties like fracture toughness and flexural strength of the composites. The composition comprising of YSZ:Al2O3::10:90 shows less flank wear, best surface finish and lowest cutting force

Comparative assessment of the effectiveness of different cleaning methods on the growth of Candida albicans over acrylic surface

Context: This study evaluated the efficacy of denture adhesive, cleanser, chlorhexidine, and brushing against Candida albicans biofilm developed on an acrylic surface and predicted the most effective, simple, and inexpensive way to maintain denture health, thereby preventing denture stomatitis. Aims: To find the best possible method for maintaining denture hygiene. Settings and Design: This retrospective analysis was conducted in the Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, and this in vitro study was designed to minimize denture stomatitis among denture wearing population. Subjects and Methods: Sixty acrylic discs of equal dimensions after exposure to C. albicans were treated for a duration of 24 h with denture adhesive, cleanser, 0.2% chlorhexidine individually, or in combinations simulating clinical conditions dividing in six groups, ten samples each (n = 10). Statistical Analysis Used: After treatment, colony count was evaluated and statistically analyzed by post hoc Tukey′s test and Dunnett′s test to determine the most effective way of prevention. Results: The statistical post hoc analysis (Tukey′s test and Dunnett′s test) showed high significance (P < 0.0001). The group treated with adhesive showed high fungal growth compared to the control group, whereas chlorhexidine showed high potency to prevent C. albicans, whereas adhesive increased the adhesion of C. albicans to acrylic surface. Conclusions: Denture adhesive increases the adherence of C. albicans to denture surface. Other cleaning chemicals such as cleanser and chlorhexidine decrease the adherence. Moreover, among the all denture cleaning protocol, chlorhexidine drastically inhibit the adherence, as well as growth of C. albicans over denture surface