Prevention of acute ammonia toxicity in beluga, Huso huso, using natural zeolite

This study was accomplished to examine the efficiency of natural zeolite in preventing acute toxicity of total ammonia to Huso huso. The study was performed using Water Static Method in 96 hours. Fish averaged 46 ± 5 g in weight and 22 ± 4 cm in total length were exposed to four different concentrations (15, 30, 50, 75 mgL-1) of ammonia and a group was considered as control. Under stable condition, the lethal concentration of ionized ammonia was 75 mgL-1 in 96 hours. In the lethal concentration of total ammonia, different amounts of 5, 10, 15 g.L-1 granulated clinoptilolite zeolite were used. Results indicated significant differences between treatments and control (p<0.05). By increasing Clinoptilolite zeolite in each treatment, the survival rate of fish also increased significantly (p<0.05). In lethal concentration of ammonia, the use of 15 g.L-1 zeolite could prevent the mortality rate. Histopathological findings showed that major lesions in gill filaments included hemorrhage, hyperemia, hyperplasia, epithelial cells necrosis. There were hemorrhage, hyperemia, degenerated tubules of kidney, expansion of Bowman's capsule in kidney and hepatocytes necrosis in liver

Use of Bacillus probiotics for immune responses and intestinal microflora of white leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) post larvae

The effect of dietary containing of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis in three groups including commercial, commercial-indigenous and indigenous was investigated on the immune parameters (glucose, albumin, total protein, lysozyme, cortisol, immunoglobulin M (IgM)) and the intestinal flora of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) post larvae. The shrimp were fed for 60 days with four different diets: control (without probiotics), diet T1 supplemented with 1.5×106 CFU g-1 commercial probiotic, diet T2 with 1.5×106 CFU g-1 commercial-indigenous probiotic, diet T3 with 1.5×106 CFU g-1 indigenous probiotic. At the end of experimental period, the levels of biochemical parameters (glucose, total protein, lysozyme, cortisol, IgM) of shrimp fed probiotic diets were significantly higher than in those shrimps fed the control diet for 60 days. However, albumin concentrations showed no significant difference between the experimental treatments and the control, but increased by 1.19, 1.15 and 1.14 after 60 days of feeding with diets T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Likewise, population density of Bacillus bacteria counted in digestive tract of shrimps treated with probiotic were significantly higher than the control group. Results of this study indicated that the addition of probiotic bacilli can improve immune parameters and modulates intestinal microbiota of shrimp (L. vannamei) post larvae

Effect of copper sulphate on behavioral and histopathological changes in roach, Rutilus rutilus caspicus

The research was accomplished in order to study behavioral and histopathological effects of Copper on Rutilus rutilus caspicus under experimental condition. The study was performed using Water Static Method during 96 hours. 15 fish with averaged weight 2±0.5 g in weight were encountered to different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mg/l) of Copper. A group of fish was considered as control. Under stable condition and aeration, the lethal concentration was 0.4 mg/l. Results indicated that there was significant differences between treatments when copper concentration increased (p<0.05). It was found that in the high concentration of Copper nominal signs of toxicity such as convulsion, air gulping and flared operculum were observed. Histopathological sings were hyperplasia, edema, hyperemia, hemorrhage, expansion of Bowman’s capsule and hepatocytes necrosis. In control group no lesion was observed

Anesthetic effect of tricaine methanesulfonate, clove oil and electroanesthesia on lysozyme activity of Oncorhynchus mykiss

There is a few available information about the effect of anesthetics, specially electroanesthesia on immune parameters in fish. In the present work, two anesthetics, MS222 (50 ppm), clove oil (25 ppm), and electroanesthesia were tested in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in narcosis stage. The results showed, clove oil and electroanesthesia increase the lysozyme activity 24 h after anesthesia(p0.05). It seems use of MS222 during aquacultural practices may induce lesser effect in rainbow trout

A study on the status of shrimp diseases in Iran and whole the world and to present the best practice management in shrimp farms

Shrimp culture in Chabahar in the Sistan and Belochestan province is one of the most important potential for development. From 1386 the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) observed and collapsed all activity in this area. This virus hugged mortality in the world and in Iran from 1381 in Abadan area this disease induced high mortality in shrimp culture. Different methods applied for prevention WSSV in the world and the main methods consist of used specific pathogen free post larvae, immune stimulant, biosecurity and vaccine. Biosecurity is the best method for prevention the WSSV disease and include different part such as used crab fence, low stocking density, used best quality PL, aeration in the pond and sanitation all equipment and farm. Temperatures play an important role in outbreak of disease. Because in Chabahar area the culture time is in the monsoon season and changing the temperature in this season is trigger factor for WSSV outbreak. In this research study we recommended the season’s culture changing from August to March for prevention the temperature variation in this area and applied biosecurity for control the WSSV outbreak

A study on methanol herbal plant extract of Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) on immunity level of Mugil cephalus

Medicinal plants have been used in oriental medicine for centuries. Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae), also known as the purple coneflower, is an herbal medicine with positive effects on various immune parameters that has been used customarily as a treatment for the common cold, coughs, bronchitis, upper respiratory infections, and some inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Echinacea purpurea (EP) extract on a non-specific immunity of Mugil cephalus. Three hundred and sixty Gray mullet larvae with average weight of 0.75 ± 0.02 g and an average length of 4.40 ±0.81cm collected from Ramin port where is located at 5 km far from the Chabahar and finally transferred to lab of trial in Offshore Research Center. This research was designed based on 4 treatment, Each with 3 replicates. The major factors examined containing growth factors mainly consists of average weight, average daily gain, protein efficiency rate, protein productive rate, hematological and biochemical factors including globin, albumin, total protein, lysozyme, ultimately, immunological factors, and respiratory burst and phagocytosis percent. In general, the results of this study showed that the addition of 100 and 200 mg of EP extract per kg of diet led to a significant increase in growth parameters (final weight, food intake, daily growth rate and efficiency of protein), hematology (RBC, WBC, Hb, Hct) and biochemical factors (total protein, albumin, globulin) in gray mullet were compared to control. The highest lysozyme activity, immunoglobulin, phagocytosis and respiratory burst was observed in treatment containing 200 mg EP extract per kg food. Treatment containing 200 mg EP extract per kg food showed a minimal mortality after challenge with bacteria photobacterium damselae compared to the control treatment. Finally, the present results suggest that diet containing 200 200 mg EP extract per kg food could improve growth, hematology, immunity and resistance against photobacteriosis of grey mullet

Anesthetic effect of tricaine methanesulfonate, clove oil and electroanesthesia on lysozyme activity of Oncorhynchus mykiss

Abstract There is a few available information about the effect of anesthetics, specially electroanesthesia on immune parameters in fish. In the present work, two anesthetics, MS222 (50 ppm), clove oil (25 ppm), and electroanesthesia were tested in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in narcosis stage. The results showed, clove oil and electroanesthesia increase the lysozyme activity 24 h after anesthesia(p&lt;0.05) and it induces neutrophilia and lymphopenia in the same group 24h after anesthesia(p&lt;0.05), but fish specimens anesthized with MS222 didn&apos;t show any difference 1h and 24h after exposure in lysoyme level and differential white blood cell count (p&gt;0.05). It seems use of MS222 during aquacultural practices may induce lesser effect in rainbow trout